Bioaffection of the internal environment of dwellings with potentially allergenic microscopic fungi as a risk factor for health



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Abstract

Background. The evaluation of the species composition and numbers of spores of microscopic fungi in the air environment of St. Petersburg apartments and comparison of these indicators with the air of the external environment of the city Materials and methods. The research had been carried out in 2009-2012, in Saint-Petersburg. The air samples were taken with the automatic sampler Burkard on Petri dishes with agarised environment Capek’s with the addition of chloramphenicol for the suppression of bacteriobiota. The samples were taken in residential apartments having the signs of mold fungi intrusion, as well as without them, during all the seasons of the year. We have studied the results of the air analyses of 550 apartments. Results. Analysis of specific and generic composition of mold fungi in the air environment of infected apartments showed the domination of fungi of the genera Penicillium (the occurrence of 100%), Cladosporium (70%), Aspergillus (65%) in occurrence and abundance. And also the fungi of the genera Mucor (40%) and Stachybotrys (40%), Chaetomium (35%), Paecilomyces (20%), Ulocladium (20%), Aureobasidium (15%) were found in residential premises. The analysis of the abundance of dominant genera of micromycetes in the air of the clean apartments showed that fungi of the genera Penicillium (the occurrence of 100%) are dominated by occurrence, the representatives of other branches appeared randomly, but usually belonged to the genera Acremonium, Alternaria, Aureobasidium, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Paecilomyces, Ulocladium. Conclusion. The impact of high concentration of the spores of dominant micromycetes is directly associated with the exacerbation of allergic diseases of the respiratory tract - bronchial asthma, bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, allergic rhinitis in springsummer period of the year. The study of the propagules dynamics of potentially allergenic microscopic fungi in aerobiota of Saint Petersburg can be useful for clinical diagnosis and prevention of allergic diseases in immunocompromised or sensitized patients.

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About the authors

E V Bogomolova

V.L. Komarov Botanic Institute, Russian Academy of Science

Email: fungi@yandex.ru
St. Petersburg

O P Ukhanova

Stavropol State Medical University

Stavropol, Russia

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