Role of glucocorticoid receptor beta in the development of steroid resistance

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Abstract

Glucocorticoids are the most commonly used anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, despite the fact that the resistance to them is increasing due to various circumstances. glucocorticoids insensitivity is an important clinical issue that is associated with life-threatening disease progression. Currently, there is no reliable biomarker that can be used to define steroid resistance. According to several studies, increased expression of the glucocorticoid receptor beta (GR-β) isoform is associated with steroid resistance.

In this review authors analyse the correlation between GR-β expression and the occurrence of steroid therapy-resistant diseases and to determine its potential as a biomarker. This review summarizes studies that point out increased GR-β expression in steroid-resistant groups of patients compared to steroid-sensitive groups. Articles included in the review focus on asthma, nasal polyposis, ulcerative colitis, and other chronic inflammatory diseases in which resistance to steroid therapy is observed. GR-β levels have also been shown to be elevated in patients with allergic rhinitis, Crohn’s disease and rheumatoid arthritis. In most studies, higher levels of GR-β were detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Increased expression of GR-β is mostly associated with steroid resistance.

Thus, it can potentially be used as a biomarker of steroid resistance-related disorders.

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About the authors

Veronika A. Parshina

National Research Center — Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia

Author for correspondence.
Email: parshina.nicka@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0001-7678-2489
Russian Federation, 24 Kashirskoe shosse, 115522 Moscow, Russia

Aliaksei G. Kadushkin

Belarusian State Medical University

Email: kadushkyn@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1620-8477
SPIN-code: 7849-7475

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor

Belarus, Minsk

Anatoli D. Taganovich

Belarusian State Medical University

Email: taganovich@bsmu.by
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0668-2888
SPIN-code: 2449-5730

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

Belarus, Minsk

Igor P. Shilovskiy

National Research Center — Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia

Email: ip.shilovsky@nrcii.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5343-4230
SPIN-code: 6008-7323

Dr. Sci. (Biology)

Russian Federation, 24 Kashirskoe shosse, 115522 Moscow

Nadezda N. Shershakova

National Research Center — Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia

Email: nn.shershakova@nrcii.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6444-6499
SPIN-code: 7555-5925

Dr. Sci. (Biology)

Russian Federation, 24 Kashirskoe shosse, 115522 Moscow

Musa R. Khaitov

National Research Center — Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia;
The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov

Email: mr.khaitov@nrcii.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4961-9640
SPIN-code: 3199-9803

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Russian Federation, 24 Kashirskoe shosse, 115522 Moscow; Moscow

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