Rhinocytology: An Undervalued Diagnostic Test?



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Abstract

ABSTRACT

 

There are various pheno-, endotypes of chronic rhinitis, which can clinically proceed in the same way and are difficult to distinguish even with a comprehensive approach to diagnosis. Since the prognosis and treatment of chronic rhinitis (allergic, non-infectious non-allergic rhinitis and local allergic rhinitis) most often differ, differential diagnosis of these diseases is important, especially when choosing drugs for each clinical situation. It is possible to obtain more accurate information about the state of the patient's nasal mucosa at the moment by examining the patient's nasal mucus cytology. Rhinocytology is a simple and non-invasive test that can help doctors differentiate various forms of chronic rhinitis.

The purpose of this review is to analyze current concepts of the role of rhinocytology in chronic rhinitis in children and adults. It should be assumed that the assessment of the cellular composition in nasal mucus (the type and number of different cells, the presence of bacteria, fungi, etc.) will allow us to establish not only the type of inflammation (for example, allergic rhinitis?, infectious rhinitis? etc.), but will also help in choosing the most effective treatment individually for each patient. The review also examines in detail the features of using this diagnostic method in the daily practice of Russian doctors and abroad; issues related to changes in the cytology of nasal mucus in various forms of chronic rhinitis are discussed; the advantages and disadvantages of rhinocytology are highlighted. Researchers admit that due to its limited use in daily practice, the role of rhinocytology is underestimated. Meanwhile, this is a method that can really help clinicians in diagnosing and treating patients with various pheno-, endotypes of chronic rhinitis.

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About the authors

Dali Macharadze

Moscow Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after. G.N. Gabrichevsky Rospotrebnadzor, Moscow
For correspondence:

Author for correspondence.
Email: dalim_a@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5999-7085
SPIN-code: 2399-5783

 MD, PhD, Leading researcher clinical department

Россия, Address: 115409, Moscow, adm. Makarov 10, Russia

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