The effect of exposome factors on the functions of filaggrin functions in atopic dermatitis

Cover Page


Cite item

Full Text

Open Access Open Access
Restricted Access Access granted
Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis is a heterogeneous inflammatory skin disease, which is affected by many internal (genetic) and external factors. The interaction between genetic and environmental factors is a complex dynamic process. These factors affect each other and can be interrelated.

This article discusses data on filaggrin and some exposome factors affecting it.

The term “exposome” refers to the impact of external factors on the biological environment of the body. The impact range is varied and includes chemicals, psychosocial and physical factors, as well as associated biological reactions that occur throughout human life.

The article examines the link between filaggrin mutations and genetic predisposition, as well as how the defects of the skin barrier, immunological imbalance, and a variety of stimuli have a potential impact. The mechanisms of action of various factors on filaggrin in atopic dermatitis are also considered. Furthermore, environmental factors can influence the expression of various genes and, as a result, create epigenetic changes in patients with atopic dermatitis.

The study of epigenetic changes is critical for understanding the molecular bases of this skin disease and optimizing treatment strategies.

Full Text

Restricted Access

About the authors

Dali Sh. Macharadze

Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia

Author for correspondence.
Email: dalim_a@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5999-7085
SPIN-code: 2399-5783

MD, Dr. Sci (Med.)

Russian Federation, 6, Miklukho-Maklaya street, Moscow, 117198

References

  1. Bieber T. Atopic dermatitis. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(14): 1483–1494. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra074081
  2. Abuabara K, You Y, Margolis DJ, et al. Genetic ancestry does not explain increased atopic dermatitis susceptibility or worse disease control among African American subjects in 2 large US cohorts. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;145(1):192–198. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.06.044
  3. Flohr C, Mann J. New insights into the epidemiology of childhood atopic dermatitis. Allergy. 2014;69(1):3–16. doi: 10.1111/all.12270
  4. Hugg T, Ruotsalainen R, Jaakkola MS, et al. Comparison of allergic diseases, symptoms and respiratory infections between Finnish and Russian school children. Eur J Epidemiol. 2008;23(2):123–133. doi: 10.1007/s10654-007-9217-z
  5. Miller G, Jones D. The nature of nurture: refining the definition of the exposome. Toxicol Sci. 2014;137(1):1–2. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kft251
  6. Odhiambo JA, Williams HC, Clayton TO, et al.; ISAAC Phase Three Study Group. Global variations in prevalence of eczema symptoms in children from ISAAC Phase Three. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009; 124(6):1251–1258. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.009
  7. Wegienka G, Zoratti E, Cole J. The role of the early-life environment in the development of allergic disease. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2015;35(1):1–17. doi: 10.1016/j.iac.2014.09.002
  8. Edslev S, Agner T, Andersen P. Skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol. 2020;100(12):adv00164. doi: 10.2340/00015555-3514
  9. Kong H, Oh J, Deming C, et al. Temporal shifts in the skin microbiome associated with disease flares and treatment in children with atopic dermatitis. Genome Res. 2012;22(5):850–859. doi: 10.1101/gr.131029.111
  10. Silverberg NB. A practical overview of pediatric atopic dermatitis, part 2: triggers and grading. Cutis. 2016;97(5):326–329.
  11. Celebi Sözener Z, Cevhertas L, Nadeau K, et al. Environmental factors in epithelial barrier dysfunction. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;145(6):1517–1528. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.024
  12. Tamagawa-Mineoka R, Katoh N. Atopic dermatitis: identification and management of complicating factors. Int J Mol Sci. 2020; 21(8):2671. doi: 10.3390/ijms21082671
  13. Sroka-Tomaszewska J, Trzeciak M. Molecular mechanisms of atopic dermatitis pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(8):4130. doi: 10.3390/ijms22084130
  14. Katayama I, Aihara M, Ohya Y, et al.; Japanese Society of Allergology. Japanese guidelines for atopic dermatitis 2017. Allergol Int. 2017;66(2):230–247. doi: 10.1016/j.alit.2016.12.003
  15. Elmose C, Thomsen SF. Twin studies of atopic dermatitis: interpretations and applications in the filaggrin era. J Allergy (Cairo). 2015;2015:902359. doi: 10.1155/2015/902359
  16. Barnes KC. An update on the genetics of atopic dermatitis: scratching the surface in 2009. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010; 125(1):16–29. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.11.008
  17. Ring J, Alomar A, Bieber T, et al.; European Dermatology Forum (EDF); European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV); European Federation of Allergy (EFA); European Task Force on Atopic Dermatitis (ETFAD); European Society of Pediatric Dermatology (ESPD); Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN). Guidelines for treatment of atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis) part I. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2012;26(8):1045–1060. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04635
  18. Sigurdardottir ST, Jonasson K, Clausen M, et al. Prevalence and early-life risk factors of school-age allergic multimorbidity: The EuroPrevall-iFAAM birth cohort. Allergy. 2021;76(9):2855–2865. doi: 10.1111/all.14857
  19. Sandilands A, Sutherland C, Irvine AD, McLean WH. Filaggrin in the frontline: role in skin barrier function and disease. J Cell Sci. 2009; 122(Pt 9):1285–1294. doi: 10.1242/jcs.033969
  20. Drislane C, Irvine AD. The role of filaggrin in atopic dermatitis and allergic disease. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2020;124(1):36–43. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.10.008
  21. Bisgaard H, Simpson A, Palmer CN, et al. Gene-environment interaction in the onset of eczema in infancy: filaggrin loss-of-function mutations enhanced by neonatal cat exposure. PLoS Med. 2008;5(6):e131. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050131
  22. Rupnik H, Rijavec M, Korosec P. Filaggrin loss-of-function mutations are not associated with atopic dermatitis that develops in late childhood or adulthood. Br J Dermatol. 2015;172(2):455–461. doi: 10.1111/bjd.13477
  23. Rodríguez E, Baurecht H, Herberich E, et al. Meta-analysis of filaggrin polymorphisms in eczema and asthma: robust risk factors in atopic disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;123(6):1361–1370. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.03.036
  24. Morar N, Cookson WO, Harper JI, Moffatt MF. Filaggrin mutations in children with severe atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol. 2007; 127(7):1667–1672. doi: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700739
  25. Soares P, Fidler K, Felton J, et al. Individuals with filaggrin-related eczema and asthma have increased long-term medication and hospital admission costs. Br J Dermatol. 2018;179(3):717–723. doi: 10.1111/bjd.16720
  26. Ballardini N, Kull I, Söderhäll C, et al. Eczema severity in preadolescent children and its relation to sex, filaggrin mutations, asthma, rhinitis, aggravating factors and topical treatment: a report from the BAMSE birth cohort. Br J Dermatol. 2013;168(3):588–594. doi: 10.1111/bjd.12196
  27. Engebretsen K, Kezic S, Jakasa I, et al. Effect of atopic skin stressors on natural moisturizing factors and cytokines in healthy adult epidermis. Br J Dermatol. 2018;179(3):679–688. doi: 10.1111/bjd.16487
  28. Danby S, Brown K, Wigley A, et al. The effect of water hardness on surfactant deposition after washing and subsequent skin irritation in atopic dermatitis patients and healthy control subjects. J Invest Dermatol. 2018;138(1):68–77. doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.08.037
  29. Clausen M, Edslev S, Andersen P, et al. Staphylococcus aureus colonization in atopic eczema and its association with filaggrin gene mutations. Br J Dermatol. 2017;177(5):1394–1400. doi: 10.1111/bjd.15470
  30. Nakatsuji T, Chen TH, Two AM, et al. Staphylococcus aureus exploits epidermal barrier defects in atopic dermatitis to trigger cytokine expression. J Invest Dermatol. 2016;136(11):2192–2200. doi: 10.1111/bjd.15470
  31. Nakamura Y, Oscherwitz J, Cease KB, et al. Staphylococcus delta-toxin induces allergic skin disease by activating mast cells. Nature. 2013;503(7476):397–401. doi: 10.1038/nature12655
  32. Miajlovic H, Fallon PG, Irvine AD, Foster TJ. Effect of filaggrin breakdown products on growth of and protein expression by Staphylococcus aureus. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;126(6): 1184–1190. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.09.015
  33. Khayyira A, Rosdina A, Irianti M, Malik A. Simultaneous profiling and cultivation of the skin microbiome of healthy young adult skin for the development of therapeutic agents. Heliyon. 2020;6(4):e03700. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.09.015
  34. Illi S, von Mutius E, Lau S, et al.; Multicenter Allergy Study Group. The natural course of atopic dermatitis from birth to age 7 years and the association with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;113(5):925–931. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.01.778
  35. Smieszek SP, Welsh S, Xiao C, et al. Correlation of age-of-onset of Atopic Dermatitis with Filaggrin loss-of-function variant status. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):2721. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-59627-7
  36. Bin L, Leung D. Genetic and epigenetic studies of atopic dermatitis. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2016;12:52. doi: 10.1186/s13223-016-0158-5
  37. Nedoszytko B, Reszka E, Gutowska-Owsiak D, et al. Genetic and epigenetic aspects of atopic dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(18):6484. doi: 10.3390/ijms21186484
  38. Samuelov L, Sarig O, Harmon RM, et al. Desmoglein 1 deficiency results in severe dermatitis, multiple allergies and metabolic wasting. Nat Genet. 2013;45(10):1244–1248. doi: 10.1038/ng.2739
  39. Thijs JL, Strickland I, Bruijnzeel-Koomen C, et al. Serum biomarker profiles suggest that atopic dermatitis is a systemic disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018;141(4):1523–1526. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.12.991
  40. Stefanovic N, Flohr C, Irvine AD. The exposome in atopic dermatitis. Allergy. 2020;75(1):63–74. doi: 10.1111/all.13946
  41. Yu X, Wang M, Li L, et al. MicroRNAs in atopic dermatitis: A systematic review. J Cell Mol Med. 2020;24(11):5966–5972. doi: 10.1111/jcm
  42. Genuneit J, Seibold AM, Apfelbacher CJ, et al. Overview of systematic reviews in allergy epidemiology. Allergy. 2017;72(6): 849–856. doi: 10.1111/all.13123
  43. Schmidt AD, de Strong C. Current understanding of epigenetics in atopic dermatitis. Exp Dermatol. 2021;30(8):1150–1155. doi: 10.1111/exd.14392

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download

Copyright © Pharmarus Print Media, 2022



This website uses cookies

You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website.

About Cookies