Etiology of pollen allergy in Dagestan

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Pollinosis-pollen allergy, a classic allergic disease, based on the clinical manifestations of which is allergic inflammation that occurs in response to exposure to pollen allergens. The urgency of the problem is explained by the widespread and progressive increase in the incidence of pollen allergies in many CIS countries. In Russia, the prevalence ranges from 10 to 25%. According to the international consensus, seasonal allergic rhinitis is considered to be a disease of the nasal mucosa caused by causally significant pollen, which is clinically manifested by itching, sneezing, rhinitis, and nasal congestion based on allergic inflammation. The course and prevalence of pollinosis is determined by various climatic - geographical factors affecting the time, duration, intensity of flowering of pollen allergens, and also on the pollen content in atmospheric air. The Republic of Dagestan is located in the northeastern part of the Caucasus, along the Caspian Sea. Geographically, there are piedmont, mountain and flat zones that determine the species diversity of vegetation and grows about 4,500 species of higher vascular plants: The spring period of exacerbation of pollinosis (April-May) is associated with tree dusting; poplar, birch, alder, hazel, maple, ash, willow. Summer period; (June-July) causes flowering of grass grasses (timothy, fescue, plantain, hedgehog team, wheatgrass, meadow grass, fire, forest tail, rye, corn, nettle. The summer-autumn peak of exacerbation is associated with the rapid dusting of weeds (asteraceae and marijuana) wormwood, quinoa, sunflower, ragweed, and hemp. The intensity of clinical manifestations is associated with the concentration of pollen in the air. For the region of southern Russia, its own schedule of dusting of plants is characteristic and for the manifestation of clinical symptoms, the content of 20 pollen grains in 1 m of air Objective: to study the clinical manifestations and etiological spectrum of pollen allergens in the Republic of Dagestan. Materials and methods: A survey of patients who applied for consultation in the period from 2015-2019 with a diagnosis of pollinosis (186 people) was carried out at the second stage, a clinical and allergological examination of patients was carried out. Of these, 60% are women (aged 15-50) and there is a sharp increase in the worsening of this disease. Allergological examinations include: collection of allergic anamnesis, school of allergies, immunoglobulin E indicator, determination of allergen-specific antibodies to allergen in the blood serum. Statistical analysis conducted by the method of student. Results: Of the patients examined, 46% noted complaints characteristic of allergic rhinitis in 22% of patients - the clinic of allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis, and 6% - isolated conjunctivitis. When analyzing the causes of pollinosis, sensitization to allergens prevails (ambrosia 26%, wormwood 14%, hazelnut 6%, hemp 5%, timothy 4). That is, the peak of the incidence in the south is maintained by long periods of flowering of species with very fine pollen (ambrosia, quinoa, wormwood, bluegrass) and alternating throughout the spring-summer-autumn period)