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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский Аллергологический Журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1810-8830</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-682X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">7526</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36691/RJA7526</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Searching for predictive biomarkers of allergen-specific immunotherapy efficacy based on modern concepts of its mechanisms</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Поиск предиктивных биомаркеров эффективности аллергенспецифической иммунотерапии на основе современных представлений о механизмах её действия</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7585-1390</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2714-0906</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Timoshenko</surname><given-names>Daria O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимошенко</surname><given-names>Дарья Олеговна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Post graduate student, MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант </p></bio><email>d.o.timoshenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4164-4094</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">7004658159</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">P-9255-2017</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7593-0838</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlova</surname><given-names>Ksenia S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлова</surname><given-names>Ксения Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>ksenimedical@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3250-0694</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5698-6436</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurbacheva</surname><given-names>Oksana M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курбачева</surname><given-names>Оксана Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>kurbacheva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Center ― Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный научный центр «Институт иммунологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Evdokimov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет имени А.И. Евдокимова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-04-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-07-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>187</fpage><lpage>200</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-03-14"><day>14</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-04-10"><day>10</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Pharmarus Print Media</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Фармарус Принт Медиа</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pharmarus Print Media</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фармарус Принт Медиа</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-07-09"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/7526">https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/7526</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Allergen-specific immunotherapy is the primary pathogenetically substantiated method for treating allergic diseases.</p> <p>This treatment decreases the severity of clinical symptoms, has disease-modifying effects, and prevents disease progression, asthma development, and the spread of sensitization. A complex interaction between various cells of innate and adaptive immunity mediates immunological tolerance driven by allergen-specific immunotherapy. Although the primary mechanisms of allergen-specific immunotherapy have been described to date, the understanding of these processes becomes more detailed at the cellular, molecular, and epigenetic levels each year. As a result, deep insights into the mechanisms underlying the development and maintenance of tolerance to allergens during allergen-specific immunotherapy can help reveal the predictive biomarkers of efficacy. These biomarkers can streamline the selection of patients via the identification of responders to allergen-specific immunotherapy.</p> <p>This review presents the current concepts of allergen-specific immunotherapy mechanisms at various stages of the allergic process. Furthermore, the predictive biomarkers of the efficacy are described, with consideration of promising directions of research in this area.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Аллергенспецифическая иммунотерапия является основным патогенетически обоснованным методом лечения аллергических заболеваний, действие которого не только приводит к уменьшению выраженности клинических симптомов, но и оказывает болезнь-модифицирующий эффект, препятствуя прогрессированию заболевания, развитию бронхиальной астмы и расширению спектра сенсибилизации.</p> <p>Толерантность, формируемая в процессе аллергенспецифической иммунотерапии, опосредована сложным взаимодействием между различными клетками врождённого и адаптивного иммунитета. Несмотря на то, что к настоящему времени описаны основные механизмы действия аллергенспецифической иммунотерапии, с каждым годом представление об этих процессах становится всё более детализированным не только на клеточном, но и молекулярном и эпигенетическом уровнях. В свою очередь, глубокое понимание механизмов, лежащих в основе формирования и сохранения толерантности к аллергенам при проведении аллергенспецифической иммунотерапии, поможет в выявлении предиктивных биомаркеров эффективности, использование которых могло бы оптимизировать отбор пациентов для проведения аллергенспецифической иммунотерапии, предсказывая ответ пациента на терапию.</p> <p>В настоящем обзоре изложены актуальные представления о механизмах действия аллергенспецифической иммунотерапии на различные звенья аллергического процесса; описаны предполагаемые предиктивные биомаркеры эффективности данного терапевтического метода с учётом перспективных направлений исследований в этой области.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>allergen-specific immunotherapy</kwd><kwd>allergen immunotherapy</kwd><kwd>AIT</kwd><kwd>mechanisms of allergen immunotherapy</kwd><kwd>predictive biomarkers</kwd><kwd>efficacy biomarkers</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аллергенспецифическая иммунотерапия</kwd><kwd>АСИТ</kwd><kwd>механизмы аллергенспецифической иммунотерапии</kwd><kwd>предиктивные биомаркеры</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры эффективности</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Federal clinical guidelines for allergen-specific immunotherapy. 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