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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский Аллергологический Журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1810-8830</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-682X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">672</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36691/RJA672</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Chronic idiopathic urticaria. The diagnostic problem</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Хроническая идиопатическая крапивница. Диагностическая проблема</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Golubchikova</surname><given-names>R N</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голубчикова</surname><given-names>Р Н</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Danilycheva</surname><given-names>I V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Данилычева</surname><given-names>И В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>ivdanilycheva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Immunology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «ГНЦ Институт иммунологии» ФМБА России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2012-06-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO3 (2012)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№3 (2012)</issue-title><fpage>3</fpage><lpage>6</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-03-10"><day>10</day><month>03</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2012, Pharmarus Print Media</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2012, Фармарус Принт Медиа</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pharmarus Print Media</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фармарус Принт Медиа</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2014-12-15"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/672">https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/672</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The causes of chronic urticaria are not revealed in 80—95% of cases. The most important part of the investigation is an anamnesis morbi. Specific laboratory tests should be selected on the basis of diagnostic hypothesis. Tests may include: full blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, routine biochemistry, glucose, thyroid function, thyroid autoantibodies, antinuclear antibodies, immunoglobulins, protein electrophoresis, complement C3 and C4 components, cryoglobulins, allergen-specific IgE, serology for infections, stool samples for parasites and urine analysis. Al least 30% of patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria appear to have an autoimmune aetiology. Although a positive serum skin test has a reasonable specificity to establish the autoimmune nature of urticaria, a negative result has high negative predictive value.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В 80—95% случаев у больных хронической крапивницей (ХК) не удается выявить причину заболевания, в этом случае крапивница считается идиопатической (ХИК). Наиболее важным пунктом в установлении возможных причин и триггерных факторов ХК является детальное изучение истории заболевания. Специфические лабораторные тесты должны выбираться на основании диагностических гипотез. Несмотря на малую информативность методов обследования в случае ХИК, в зависимости от клинической картины заболевания и истории болезни могут проводиться следующие тесты: полный клинический анализ крови, СОЭ, СРБ, стандартный биохимический анализ крови, функциональные исследования щитовидной железы, выявление аутоантител к структурам щитовидной железы, антинуклеарных антител (АНА), электрофорез иммуноглобулинов и белковых фракций, исследование компонентов комплемента С3 и С4, криоглобулинов, аллерген-специфических IgE, прик-тесты с аллергенами, серологическое исследование на инфекции, копроовоцистоскопия, клинический анализ мочи. Не менее 30% больных ХИК имеют аутоиммунную природу заболевания. Положительный тест с аутосывороткой указывает на возможную циркуляцию гистаминвысвобождающих аутоантител и имеет умеренную специфичность как маркер этих аутоантител, однако отрицательный тест имеет высокое негативное значение.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic idiopathic urticaria</kwd><kwd>investigation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая идиопатическая крапивница</kwd><kwd>обследование</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>M. Maurer, K. Weller, C. Bindslev-Jensen, A. Gimeénez-Arnau еі al. Unmet clinical needs in chronic spontaneous urticaria. GA2LEN task forse report. Allergy. 2011, v. 66, p. 317-330.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Ozkan M., Oflaz S.B. et al. Psychiatric morbidity and quality of life in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria. Ann. 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