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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский Аллергологический Журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1810-8830</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-682X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">6395</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36691/RJA6395</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Clinical, functional and immunological characteristics of severe bronchial asthma</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клинико-функциональная и иммунологическая характеристика тяжёлой бронхиальной астмы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6896-877X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8829-9240</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kraposhina</surname><given-names>Angelina Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крапошина</surname><given-names>Ангелина Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>angelina-maria@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8982-5292</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6520-3233</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Demko</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демко</surname><given-names>Ирина Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>demko64@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9377-5213</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9132-6756</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sobko</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Собко</surname><given-names>Елена Альбертовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>sobko29@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Красноярский государственный медицинский университет имени профессора В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Krasnoyarsk Clinical Regional Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Красноярская краевая клиническая больница</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-04-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-07-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>152</fpage><lpage>163</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-02-23"><day>23</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-04-10"><day>10</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Pharmarus Print Media</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Фармарус Принт Медиа</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pharmarus Print Media</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фармарус Принт Медиа</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-07-09"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/6395">https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/6395</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>BACKGROUND</italic></bold><italic>:</italic> Bronchial asthma is one of the most common and socially remarkable diseases in humans. The uncontrolled course of asthma remains a leading problem in the management of patients with this disease. Patients who cannot achieve control include a special group with severe asthma.</p> <p><bold><italic>AIM</italic></bold><italic>:</italic> Comprehensive assessment of clinical, functional, and immunological features and the pharmacotherapy of severe bronchial asthma in real clinical practice to optimize basic pathogenetic therapy.</p> <p><bold><italic>MATERIALS AND METHODS</italic></bold><italic>:</italic> In all, 83 patients diagnosed with severe asthma were examined. Patients with severe asthma were divided into two groups: patients with and without fixed airway obstruction. Plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13, periostin, cathepsin S, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β were determined via solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. Immune status was investigated using a NAVIOS flow cytometer.</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS</italic></bold><italic>:</italic> Both groups of severe bronchial asthma patients showed a decrease in helper T-cell and immunoregulatory index levels with simultaneous increases in cytotoxic T lymphocytes, natural killer T cells, naive T lymphocytes, activated T and B lymphocytes, and phagocytic index compared with the controls. No differences were observed in the immune status between the groups, and the resulting changes were independent of the presence or absence of fixed obstruction. Both study groups exhibited increases in the levels of cathepsin S and TGF-β in the plasma compared with the controls. We identified two remarkable risk factors for forming fixed obstruction: taking SABA more than four inhalations per day (odds ratio (OR)=4.2) and FeNO concentration &gt;20 ppb (OR=6.0). A remarkable improvement was observed in the clinical condition of patients with severe asthma with fixed obstruction while receiving genetically engineered biological therapy for a year.</p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSIONS</italic></bold><italic>:</italic> To date, no unambiguous explanation is available for the mechanisms of implementation of pathobiochemical reactions in the bronchial wall in severe asthma, leading to the development of fixed airway obstruction. Severe asthma is variable and depends on the correct choice of management tactics.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold><italic>Обоснование</italic></bold><italic>.</italic> Бронхиальная астма является наиболее распространённым и социально значимым заболеванием человека. Среди пациентов, которые не могут достигнуть контроля, особую группу составляют пациенты с тяжёлой астмой.</p> <p><bold><italic>Цель</italic></bold> ― комплексная оценка клинико-функциональных, иммунологических особенностей и фармакотерапии тяжёлой бронхиальной астмы в реальной клинической практике для оптимизации базисной патогенетической терапии.</p> <p><bold><italic>Материалы и</italic></bold><italic> <bold>методы</bold>.</italic> Обследовано 83 пациента с диагнозом тяжёлой астмы. Пациенты распределены на 2 группы: больные с/без фиксированной обструкции дыхательных путей. Определение концентрации цитокинов IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13, периостина, катепсина S, TGF-β в плазме крови проводилось методом твердофазного иммуноферментного анализа. Иммунный статус исследовался на проточном цитофлуориметре NAVIOS Flow Cytometer.</p> <p><bold><italic>Результаты</italic></bold><italic>.</italic> В обеих группах пациентов с тяжёлой бронхиальной астмой мы обнаружили снижение уровня Т-хелперов и иммунорегуляторного индекса с одновременным повышением цитотоксических Т-лимфоцитов, естественных Т-киллеров, наивных Т-лимфоцитов, активированных Т- и В-лимфоцитов и фагоцитарного индекса в сравнении с контролем. Между группами различий в иммунном статусе не выявлено, и полученные изменения не зависели от наличия или отсутствия фиксированной обструкции. В обеих исследуемых группах обнаружено повышение содержания катепсина S и TGF-β в плазме крови по сравнению с контролем. Выявлены наиболее значимые факторы риска формирования фиксированной обструкции: более 4 ингаляций в день короткодействующих β2-агонистов (ОШ=4,2) и концентрация оксида азота в выдыхаемом воздухе (FeNO) более 20 ppb (ОШ=6,0). Установлено значимое улучшение клинического состояния больных тяжёлой астмой с фиксированной обструкцией на фоне приёма генно-инженерной биологической терапии в течение года.</p> <p><bold><italic>Заключение</italic></bold><italic>.</italic> На сегодняшний день отсутствует однозначное представление о механизмах реализации патобиохимических реакций в бронхиальной стенке при тяжёлой астме, которые приводят к развитию фиксированной обструкции дыхательных путей. Тяжёлая астма является вариабельной и зависит от правильного выбора тактики ведения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>severe bronchial asthma</kwd><kwd>phenotype</kwd><kwd>fixed airway obstruction</kwd><kwd>T2-immune response</kwd><kwd>immune status</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тяжёлая бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>фенотип</kwd><kwd>фиксированная обструкция дыхательных путей</kwd><kwd>Т2-иммунный ответ</kwd><kwd>иммунный статус</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zaytsev AA. Bronchial asthma in adults: Key issues of diagnosis and pharmacotherapy. Russ Med J. 2015;(18):1096–1100. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зайцев А.А. Бронхиальная астма у взрослых: ключевые вопросы диагностики и фармакотерапии // Русский медицинский журнал. 2015. № 18. 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