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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский Аллергологический Журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1810-8830</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-682X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">5379</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36691/RJA5379</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Cholinergic urticaria: search for predictors of course severity and response to therapy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Холинергическая крапивница: поиск предикторов тяжести течения и ответа на терапию</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4022-3570</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2588-5718</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maltseva</surname><given-names>Natalia P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мальцева</surname><given-names>Наталья Петровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>filippova-nataly@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5083-6637</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3023-4538</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fomina</surname><given-names>Daria S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фомина</surname><given-names>Дарья Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент</p></bio><email>daria_fomina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8472-1152</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6644-6715</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Serdotetskova</surname><given-names>Sofia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сердотецкова</surname><given-names>Софья Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>darklynx813@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1212-3767</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3078-0976</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalkova</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалькова</surname><given-names>Елена Вячеславовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ev-kovalkova@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9545-4720</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1857-8154</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedkina</surname><given-names>Marina S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедкина</surname><given-names>Марина Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>marina.ivanova0808@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3970-8367</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Skvortsova</surname><given-names>Anastasia Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скворцова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>loireslow@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6209-387X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5893-5394</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernov</surname><given-names>Anton A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернов</surname><given-names>Антон Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sbornay1med@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1930-5424</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4122-5565</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karaulov</surname><given-names>Alexander V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Караулов</surname><given-names>Александр Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>drkaraulov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6010-7975</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3887-6250</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lysenko</surname><given-names>Mariana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лысенко</surname><given-names>Марьяна Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>gkb52@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">City Clinical Hospital No. 52</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Городская клиническая больница № 52</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Health Organization and Medical Management of the Department of Health of the City of Moscow</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт организации здравоохранения и медицинского менеджмента Департамента Здравоохранения города Москвы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-03-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-04-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>19</fpage><lpage>28</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-02-16"><day>16</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-03-16"><day>16</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Pharmarus Print Media</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Фармарус Принт Медиа</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pharmarus Print Media</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фармарус Принт Медиа</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-04-06"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/5379">https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/5379</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>BACKGROUND:</italic></bold> Cholinergic urticaria has affected 0.02–11.2% of the population. Young adults are the most frequently affected age group, and the long-term duration of the disease is typical. Urticarial elements can often be generalized, and systemic reactions are often present in patients with cholinergic urticaria, significantly reducing their quality of life. At present, no clear predictors of anaphylaxis and a severe disease course have been identified.</p> <p><bold><italic>AIM:</italic></bold> To evaluate the clinical, laboratory, and pathogenetic features of patients with cholinergic urticaria and identify correlations between them, disease prognosis/severity, and effectiveness of therapy.</p> <p><bold><italic>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</italic></bold> A retrospective-prospective analysis of data from the Moscow EMIAS electronic medical data system recorded between 2017 and 2021 was performed, of which 613 patients were presumed to have cholinergic urticaria by outpatient specialists. During the interview, 86 people qualified for and accepted the screening. Between January 2022 and December 2022, patients were invited to outpatient appointments/hospitalization and underwent a comprehensive evaluation. In 38 patients with a relevant trigger-associated history, the diagnosis of cholinergic urticaria was verified by provocation testing.</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS:</italic></bold> Women predominated in the study (68.4%). The mean patient age was 26.5 years, the age at disease onset was 18 years, and the disease duration was 57.5 months. Allergic diseases were diagnosed in 50% of the patients. Anaphylaxis was recorded in 26% of the cases, and angioedema was significantly more frequently observed in these patients. Patients who tested positive with autologous serum were characterized by older age, longer disease duration, and lower efficacy with standard doses of antihistamines. In an analysis of the Dermatology Life Quality Index validated questionnaire, nearly 80% of the patients reported a moderate, strong, or extremely strong effect on their quality of life.</p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSIONS:</italic></bold> The results showed a significant effect of cholinergic urticaria on the quality of life. This analysis reveals important correlations and patterns — an association between early age at disease onset and longer disease duration, presence of angioedema and anaphylaxis, a positive test with autologous serum and duration of urticaria symptoms, and response to antihistamine therapy. Patients with a history of anaphylaxis must be identified as a separate high-risk group to increase the awareness of medical staff and educate such patients on the use of epinephrine.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold><italic>Обоснование.</italic></bold> Распространённость заболеваемости холинергической крапивницей достаточно высока и составляет 0,02–11,2% в популяции. Наиболее подверженная заболеванию возрастная группа ― молодые взрослые. Для холинергической крапивницы характерна многолетняя длительность персистенции симптомов. Зачастую уртикарные элементы могут быть распространёнными; у пациентов нередко присутствуют системные реакции, существенно снижая качество их жизни. В настоящее время не выделены однозначные предикторы развития анафилаксии и тяжёлого течения заболевания.</p> <p><bold><italic>Цель</italic></bold> ― выявление корреляции между клиническими, лабораторными, патогенетическими особенностями у пациентов с холинергической крапивницей и прогнозом/тяжестью течения заболевания, риском развития системных реакций, влиянием на качество жизни и эффективностью терапии.</p> <p><bold><italic>Материалы и методы.</italic></bold> Проведён ретроспективно-проспективный анализ данных электронной медицинской документации системы ЕМИАС г. Москвы с 2017 по 2021 год. В 613 случаях из 17 715 зарегистрированных больных с диагнозом хронической индуцированной крапивницы специалисты амбулаторного звена предположили наличие холинергической крапивницы. На момент интервью критериям включения в исследование соответствовали и дали согласие на проведение обследования 86 человек. В период с января 2022 по декабрь 2022 года пациентов приглашали на амбулаторный приём/госпитализацию, проводили комплексное обследование. У 38 пациентов с соответствующим триггерассоциированным анамнезом диагноз холинергической крапивницы верифицировали методом провокационного тестирования.</p> <p><bold><italic>Результаты.</italic></bold> В исследовании превалировали женщины (68,4%); средний возраст пациентов составил 26,5 года; возраст дебюта заболевания ― 18 лет; длительность заболевания ― 57,5 месяцев. У 50% пациентов диагностировали аллергические заболевания. Наличие анафилаксии фиксировали в 26% случаев, у таких пациентов достоверно чаще наблюдали ангиоотёки. Для группы пациентов с положительными результатами теста с аутологичной сывороткой были характерны более старший возраст, бóльшая продолжительность заболевания и меньшая эффективность стандартных доз антигистаминных препаратов. В результате анализа значений валидизированного опросника Dermatology Life Quality Index (дерматологический индекс качества жизни) почти 80% больных отметили умеренное, выраженное или чрезвычайно выраженное влияние на качество жизни.</p> <p><bold><italic>Заключение.</italic></bold> Полученные данные свидетельствуют о значительном влиянии холинергической крапивницы на качество жизни. В результате проведённого анализа выявлены важные закономерности и тенденции, а именно связь между ранним возрастом дебюта с бóльшей продолжительностью заболевания, наличием ангиоотёков и анафилаксии, положительными результатами теста с аутологичной сывороткой и длительностью симптомов крапивницы, ответом на терапию антигистаминными препаратами. Выделение пациентов с клинической картиной анафилаксии в анамнезе в отдельную группу высокого риска необходимо как для повышения настороженности медицинского персонала, так и обучения больных самостоятельному использованию эпинефрина.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cholinergic urticaria</kwd><kwd>provocation testing</kwd><kwd>autologous serum</kwd><kwd>antihistamines</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>холинергическая крапивница</kwd><kwd>провокационное тестирование</kwd><kwd>аутологичная сыворотка</kwd><kwd>антигистаминные препараты</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Magerl M, Altrichter S, Borzova E, et al. The definition, diagnostic testing, and management of chronic inducible urticarias: The EAACI/GA2LEN/EDF/UNEV consensus recommendations 2016 update and revision. 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