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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский Аллергологический Журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1810-8830</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-682X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">423</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36691/RJA423</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Mucosal immune system: the regulatory action of probiotics</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Иммунная система слизистых: возможности регуляторного действия пробиотиков</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Astafieva</surname><given-names>N G</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Астафьева</surname><given-names>Н Г</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>astang@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gamova</surname><given-names>I V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гамова</surname><given-names>И В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Udovitchenko</surname><given-names>E N</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Удовиченко</surname><given-names>Е Н</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Perfilova</surname><given-names>I A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перфилова</surname><given-names>И А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kobzev</surname><given-names>D Y</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кобзев</surname><given-names>Д Ю</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Michailova</surname><given-names>І Ae</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлова</surname><given-names>И Э</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">SBEI HPE Saratov Medical University by named after V.I. Rasumovsky of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБОУ ВПО Саратовский государственный медицинский университет им. В.И. Разумовского Минздравсоцразвития РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Leeds Trinity University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Лидский университет Троицы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2015-10-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO5 (2015)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№5 (2015)</issue-title><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-03-10"><day>10</day><month>03</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2015, Pharmarus Print Media</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2015, Фармарус Принт Медиа</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pharmarus Print Media</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фармарус Принт Медиа</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2017-12-15"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/423">https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/423</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The evidence of the beneficial effects of dairy products on the intestinal microflora was given for the first time in 1908 by I.I. Mechnikov in the famous article «A few words about the sour milk». Since that time probiotics - the living microorganisms for regulation of intestinal microbiota are the case of interest. Interactions between the probiotics and macroorganism are very complex and include a network of genes receptors, signaling molecules and a variety of other factors that determine the natural course of the disease.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>После публикации в 1908 г. знаменитой статьи И.И. Мечникова «Несколько слов о кислом молоке», где были приведены доказательства о благотворном влиянии кисломолочных продуктов на микрофлору кишечника, интерес к пробиотикам - живым микроорганизмам, которые при введении в достаточных количествах могут быть полезны для здоровья хозяина, не только не угасал, но и обогащался новыми фактами и научными данными. Пробиотики, первоначально предназначавшиеся для лечения желудочно-кишечных заболеваний, в последующем были предложены для профилактики и лечения аллергии и других видов патологии. Взаимодействия пробиотиков с макроорганизмом очень сложны и включают сеть генов рецепторов сигнализации, разнообразных молекул и других факторов, определяющих картину заболевания. Для интерпретации этих сложных взаимодействий нужны обширные популяционные исследования.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mucosal immune system</kwd><kwd>immunoregulation</kwd><kwd>microbiota</kwd><kwd>probiotics and micronutrients</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иммунная система слизистых</kwd><kwd>иммунорегуляция</kwd><kwd>микробиота</kwd><kwd>пробиотики и микронутриенты</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Ohshima Y. Mucosal Immunity and the Onset of Allergic Disease. 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