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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский Аллергологический Журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1810-8830</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-682X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17149</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36691/RJA17149</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">UPYTHH</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Comorbidity profiles in adults with different rhinitis phenotypes: a comparative analysis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Особенности коморбидного профиля различных фенотипов ринита у взрослых: сравнительный анализ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7139-7738</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Amzaeva</surname><given-names>Linda U.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Амзаева</surname><given-names>Линда Усмановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>amzaeva-linda@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4609-2591</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9567-1894</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Elisyutina</surname><given-names>Olga G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Елисютина</surname><given-names>Ольга Гурьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>el-olga@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1302-4178</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4874-8100</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smolnikov</surname><given-names>Evgeniy V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смольников</surname><given-names>Евгений Валентинович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>qweril2010@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5021-9276</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2337-7930</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Litovkina</surname><given-names>Alla O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литовкина</surname><given-names>Алла Олеговна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>dr.litovkina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3358-5087</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5012-7242</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedenko</surname><given-names>Elena S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Феденко</surname><given-names>Елена Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>efedks@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Allergy and Immunology Research Centre FMBA of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр аллергологии и иммунологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><content-language>ru</content-language><pub-date date-type="preprint" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2026-09-13"><day>13</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2026-10-14"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>264</fpage><lpage>278</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-07-31"><day>31</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-09-13"><day>13</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></date></history><pub-history><event event-type="received"><event-desc>Received:<date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-07-31"><day>31</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></date></event-desc></event><event event-type="accepted"><event-desc>Accepted:<date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-09-13"><day>13</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></date></event-desc></event><event event-type="pub"><event-desc>Published:<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2026-10-14"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date></event-desc></event></pub-history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, ABV-press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, АБВ-пресс</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">АБВ-пресс</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-10-14"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/17149">https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/17149</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold><italic> </italic>The comorbidity profile of local allergic rhinitis remains insufficiently studied, and data from direct comparisons of local allergic rhinitis with allergic rhinitis and non-allergic rhinitis within a single cohort are limited.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> To compare the patterns and prevalence of comorbid conditions in adult patients with allergic rhinitis, local allergic rhinitis, and non-allergic rhinitis.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> A single-center retrospective secondary analysis was performed using data from a cohort of adults with chronic rhinitis assembled in 2023–2024 based on clinical and allergy evaluation. Allergic rhinitis was diagnosed when immunoglobulin E mediated sensitization to clinically relevant aeroallergens was identified. In the absence of such sensitization, local allergic rhinitis and non-allergic rhinitis were differentiated based on positive and negative nasal allergen challenge results, respectively. Data from 2,078 patients were analyzed, including 1,989 with allergic rhinitis, 14 with local allergic rhinitis, and 75 with non-allergic rhinitis. The frequencies of comorbid conditions were compared, and the association between the number of type 2 inflammation–associated conditions and membership in the local allergic rhinitis group versus the non-allergic rhinitis group was assessed with adjustment for age.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> Compared with non-allergic rhinitis, allergic rhinitis was more frequently associated with bronchial asthma (35.9 % <italic>vs</italic> 12.0 %; odds ratio 3.92; adjusted <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001), conjunctivitis (50.4 % <italic>vs</italic> 29.3 %; odds ratio 2.42; adjusted <italic>p</italic> = 0.001), and food allergy (12.8 % <italic>vs</italic> 0 %; adjusted <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001). Atopic dermatitis was more frequent in local allergic rhinitis than in non-allergic rhinitis (35.7 % <italic>vs</italic> 6.7 %; odds ratio 7.78; adjusted <italic>p</italic> = 0.023). Compared with allergic rhinitis, non-allergic rhinitis was more frequently associated with chronic bronchitis (odds ratio 3.76; adjusted <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (odds ratio 10.21; adjusted <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (odds ratio 2.66; adjusted <italic>p</italic> = 0.002). In the age-adjusted model, a higher number of conditions associated with type 2 inflammation was associated with belonging to the local allergic rhinitis group rather than the non-allergic rhinitis group (odds ratio 23.0; 95 % confidence interval 4.5–118.5; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001).</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> Comorbidity profiles differed among allergic rhinitis, local allergic rhinitis, and non-allergic rhinitis. Allergic rhinitis was more frequently associated with bronchial asthma, conjunctivitis, and food allergy; local allergic rhinitis with atopic dermatitis; and non-allergic rhinitis with chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Comorbidity profiles may complement clinical phenotype assessment but cannot serve as an independent basis for diagnosing a rhinitis phenotype. Findings concerning local allergic rhinitis require confirmation in larger samples.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Коморбидный профиль локального аллергического ринита изучен недостаточно, а данные прямых сравнений с аллергическим и неаллергическим ринитом в рамках одной когорты ограничены.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> — провести сравнительный анализ структуры и частоты встречаемости коморбидной патологии у взрослых пациентов с аллергическим ринитом, локальным аллергическим ринитом и неаллергическим ринитом.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Выполнен одноцентровой ретроспективный вторичный анализ данных когорты взрослых пациентов с хроническим ринитом, сформированной в 2023–2024 гг. по результатам клинического и аллергологического обследований. Аллергический ринит диагностировали при выявлении сенсибилизации к причинно-значимым аэроаллергенам, опосредованной иммуноглобулином E. При ее отсутствии локальный и неаллергический риниты дифференцировали на основании положительного или отрицательного результата назального провокационного теста соответственно. Проанализированы данные 2078 пациентов: 1989 — с аллергическим ринитом, 14 — с локальным аллергическим ринитом и 75 — с неаллергическим ринитом. Сравнивали частоту коморбидных заболеваний и оценивали связь числа заболеваний, ассоциированных с Т2-воспалением, с принадлежностью к группе локального аллергического ринита по сравнению с неаллергическим ринитом с учетом возраста.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> При аллергическом рините по сравнению с неаллергическим чаще регистрировались бронхиальная астма (35,9 и 12,0 %; отношение шансов 3,92; <italic>p</italic><italic><sub>скорр</sub></italic> &lt; 0,001), конъюнктивит (50,4 и 29,3 %; отношение шансов 2,42; <italic>p</italic><italic><sub>скорр</sub></italic> = 0,001) и пищевая аллергия (12,8 и 0 %; <italic>p</italic><italic><sub>скорр</sub></italic> &lt; 0,001). Атопический дерматит чаще выявлялся при локальном аллергическом рините, чем при неаллергическом (35,7 и 6,7 %; отношение шансов 7,78; <italic>p</italic><italic><sub>скорр</sub></italic> = 0,023). При неаллергическом рините по сравнению с аллергическим чаще регистрировались хронический бронхит (отношение шансов 3,76; <italic>p</italic><italic><sub>скорр</sub></italic> &lt; 0,001), хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких (отношение шансов 10,21; <italic>p</italic><italic><sub>скорр</sub></italic> &lt; 0,001) и гастроэзофагеальная рефлюксная болезнь (отношение шансов 2,66; <italic>p</italic><italic><sub>скорр</sub></italic> = 0,002). В модели с учетом возраста большее число заболеваний, ассоциированных с Т2-воспалением, ассоциировано с принадлежностью к группе локального аллергического ринита по сравнению с неаллергическим (отношение шансов 23,0; 95 % доверительный интервал 4,5–118,5; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,001).</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Коморбидный профиль различался при аллергическом рините, локальном аллергическом рините и неаллергическом рините. Для аллергического ринита характерно более частое сочетание с бронхиальной астмой, конъюнктивитом и пищевой аллергией, для локального аллергического ринита — с атопическим дерматитом, тогда как при неаллергическом рините чаще выявлялись хронический бронхит, хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких и гастроэзофагеальная рефлюксная болезнь. Коморбидный профиль может быть полезен для клинической оценки фенотипа ринита, однако не заменяет специфических методов диагностики локального аллергического ринита. Результаты, относящиеся к локальному аллергическому риниту, требуют подтверждения в более крупных выборках.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>allergic rhinitis</kwd><kwd>local allergic rhinitis</kwd><kwd>non-allergic rhinitis</kwd><kwd>comorbidity</kwd><kwd>type 2 inflammation</kwd><kwd>nasal allergen provocation test</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аллергический ринит</kwd><kwd>локальный аллергический ринит</kwd><kwd>неаллергический ринит</kwd><kwd>коморбидность</kwd><kwd>Т2-воспаление</kwd><kwd>назальный провокационный тест</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Bousquet J, Anto JM, Bachert C, et al. Allergic rhinitis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2020;6(1):95. doi: 10.1038/s41572-020-00227-0 EDN: ZZHVTB</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Papadopoulos NG, Bernstein JA, Demoly P, et al. 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