Russian Journal of Allergy

Российский Аллергологический Журнал

1810-88302686-682X

Publishing House ABV Press

17121

10.36691/RJA17121

Reviews

Научные обзоры

Allergen-specific immunotherapy for atopic dermatitis: current status, problems and prospects

Аллерген-специфическая иммунотерапия при атопическом дерматите: современное состояние проблемы и перспективы

https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6943-947X

Iuzhaninova

Valeriia

Южанинова

Валерия Сергеевна

Russian Federation

qwwvl1@yandex.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4609-2591

9567-1894

Elisyutina

Olga G.

Елисютина

Ольга Гурьевна

Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci (Medicine)

д-р мед. наук

el-olga@yandex.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1302-4178

4874-8100

Smolnikov

Evgeniy V.

Смольников

Евгений Валентинович

Russian Federation

qweril2010@yandex.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3358-5087

5012-7242

Fedenko

Elena S.

Феденко

Елена Сергеевна

Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

д-р мед. наук, профессор

efedks@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3556-969X

6715-5650

Ilyina

Natalya I.

Ильина

Наталья Ивановна

Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

д-р мед. наук, профессор

instimmun@yandex.ru

https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2103-6234

Kleiner

Dina V.

Клейнер

Дина Владимировна

Russian Federation

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)

канд. мед. наук

kleiner.dina@gmail.com

Государственный научный центр «Институт иммунологии»

National Research Center – Institute of Immunology Federal Medico-Biological AgencyГосударственный научный центр «Институт иммунологии»

Peoples’ Friendship University of RussiaРоссийский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумубы

National Research Center — Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological AgencyГосударственный научный центр «Институт иммунологии»

The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. PirogovРоссийский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова

Stallergenes Vostok LLCООО «Сталлержен Восток

06052026

232

2003202601052026

ABV-press

АБВ-пресс

https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/about/submissions#copyrightNotice

https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/17121

Atopic dermatitis is one of the most common diseases (accounting for 20% to 40% of the structure of skin diseases) and occurs in all countries, in individuals of both sexes and across different age groups. The disease can significantly reduce quality of life, including serving as a cause of social maladaptation; therefore, the issue of studying effective methods for the treatment of atopic dermatitis remains relevant, aimed at minimizing its manifestations and prolonging periods of remission. The key components of the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis are impairment of the skin barrier function, chronic T2- inflammation, and the development of IgE-specific sensitization to various allergens. Along with allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis belongs to T2-associated diseases, for which one of the treatment options is allergen-specific immunotherapy. This method has proven successful in the treatment of atopic diseases and, due to its disease-modifying effect, the issue of its efficacy and safety in patients with atopic dermatitis has been actively studied in recent years.

This review summarizes current data on the use of allergen-specific immunotherapy with house dust mite allergens in patients with atopic dermatitis.

Атопический дерматит является одним из наиболее распространенных заболеваний (от 20% до 40% в структуре кожной патологии), встречается во всех странах, у лиц обоего пола и в разных возрастных группах, существенно снижает качество жизни, в том числе может стать причиной социальной дезадаптации, в связи с чем остается актуальным поиск эффективных методов лечения, которые помогут минимизировать его проявления и продлить периоды ремиссии. Ведущими звеньями патогенеза атопического дерматита являются нарушение функции кожного барьера, хроническое Т2-воспаление и развитие IgE-специфической сенсибилизации к различным аллергенам. Наряду с аллергическим ринитом и бронхиальной астмой, атопический дерматит относится к Т2-ассоциированным заболеваниям, для которых одной из опций лечения является аллерген-специфическая иммунотерапия. Данный метод успешно зарекомендовал себя в лечении аллергического ринита, бронхиальной астмы, инсектной и пищевой аллергии и в последнее время активно изучается его эффективность и безопасность при атопическом дерматите.

В обзоре обобщены современные данные о применении аллерген-специфической иммунотерапии у больных атопическим дерматитом.

atopic dermatitis, T2-inflammation, sensitization, allergen-specific immunotherapy, house dust mite allergens

атопический дерматит, Т2-воспаление, сенсибилизация, аллерген-специфическая иммунотерапия, аллергены клещей домашней пыли

1. Атопический дерматит. Клинические рекомендации. Российская ассоциация аллергологов и клинических иммунологов, Союз педиатров России, Общероссийская общественная организация "Российское общество дерматовенерологов и косметологов", Общероссийская общественная организация "Национальный альянс дерматовенерологов и косметологов". 2024. Режим доступа: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/view-cr/265_3. Дата обращения: 27.01.2026.

2. Laughter MR, Maymone MBC, Mashayekhi S, et al. The global burden of atopic dermatitis: lessons from the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990–2017. Br J Dermatol. 2020;184(2):304-309. doi: 10.1111/bjd.19580. EDN: RDYCJD.

3. Shin YH, Hwang J, Kwon R, et al. Global, regional, and national burden of allergic disorders and their risk factors in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Allergy. 2023;78(8):2232-2254. doi: 10.1111/all.15807. EDN: PNFVLS.

4. Bogacz-Piaseczyńska A, Bożek A. Allergen immunotherapy in atopic dermatitis. Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology. 2024;11(3):257-263. doi: 10.5114/pja.2024.142500. EDN: CNQXDO.

5. Guttman-Yassky E, Renert-Yuval Y, Brunner PM. Atopic dermatitis. Lancet. 2025;405(10478):583-596. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(24)02519-4. EDN: HBAMDW.

6. Pessina B, Giovannini M, Mori F, et al. Is there room for allergen immunotherapy for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in the precision medicine era? Front Pediatr. 2022;10:1050560. doi: 10.3389/fped.2022.1050560. EDN: RHATFN.

7. Bai R, Zheng Y, Dai X. Atopic dermatitis: diagnosis, molecular pathogenesis, and therapeutics. Mol Biomed. 2025;6(1):71. doi: 10.1186/s43556-025-00313-3. EDN: ZWURNC.

8. Park CO, Kim SM, Lee KH, Bieber T. Biomarkers for phenotype-endotype relationship in atopic dermatitis: a critical review. EBioMedicine. 2024;103:105121. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105121.

9. Ohya Y. Prevention of atopic dermatitis: what are we missing? Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2025;17(4):433-446. doi: 10.4168/aair.2025.17.4.433. EDN: UNWODD.

10.

10. Wollenberg A, Kinberger M, Arents B, et al. European guideline (EuroGuiDerm) on atopic eczema–part II: non-systemic treatments and treatment recommendations for special AE patient populations. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2022;36(10):1904-1926. doi: 10.1111/jdv.18429.

11.

11. Saeki H, Ohya Y, Furuta J, et al; Committee for Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Atopic Dermatitis 2021, The Japanese Society of Allergology, The Japanese Dermatology Association. Executive summary: Japanese guidelines for atopic dermatitis (ADGL) 2021. Allergol Int. 2022;71(4):448-458. doi: 10.1016/j.alit.2022.06.009. EDN: EHBjde.

12.

12. Eichenfield LF, Tom WL, Berger TG, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis: section 2. Management and treatment of atopic dermatitis with topical therapies. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;71(1):116-132. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.03.023.

13.

13. Wollenberg A, Kinberger M, Arents B, et al. European guideline (EuroGuiDerm) on atopic eczema: part I–systemic therapy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2022;36(9):1409-1431. doi: 10.1111/jdv.18345. EDN: HYTUSX.

14.

14. Sidbury R, Davis DM, Cohen DE, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis: section 3. Management and treatment with phototherapy and systemic agents. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;71(2):327-349. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.03.030.

15.

15. Kim DH, Choi E, Lee JS, et al. House dust mite allergen regulates constitutive apoptosis of normal and asthmatic neutrophils via Toll-like receptor 4. PLoS One. 2015;10(5):e0125983. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125983.

16.

16. Czarnowicki T, Krueger JG, Guttman-Yassky E. Novel concepts of prevention and treatment of atopic dermatitis through barrier and immune manipulations with implications for the atopic march. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;139(6):1723-1734. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.04.004.

17.

17. Huang HJ, Sarzsinszky E, Vrtala S. House dust mite allergy: the importance of house dust mite allergens for diagnosis and immunotherapy. Mol Immunol. 2023;158:54-67. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.04.008.

18.

18. Itamura M, Sawada Y. Involvement of atopic dermatitis in the development of systemic inflammatory diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(21):13445. doi: 10.3390/ijms232113445. EDN: EDYYBU.

19.

19. Elisyutina OG, Litovkina AO, Smolnikov EV, Fedenko ES. The experience with subcutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy with pollen allergens in patients with atopic dermatitis. Russian Journal of Allergy. 2024;21(1):17-28. doi: 10.36691/RJA16911. EDN: LTBGFD

20.

20. Bumbacea RS, Corcea SL, Ali S, et al. Mite allergy and atopic dermatitis: is there a clear link? (Review). Exp Ther Med. 2020;20(6):3554-3560. doi: 10.3892/etm.2020.9120. EDN: HIXQQK.

21.

21. Compalati E, Rogkakou A, Passalacqua G, Canonica GW. Evidences of efficacy of allergen immunotherapy in atopic dermatitis: an updated review. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;12(4):427-433. doi: 10.1097/ACI.0b013e328354e540.

22.

22. Guo B-C, Wu K-H, Chen C-Y, et al. Advancements in allergen immunotherapy for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(2):1316. doi: 10.3390/ijms25021316. EDN: PGQWPU.

23.

23. Shtyrbul OV, Dvornikov AS, Khaitov MR, et al. Molecular allergodiagnostics capabilities in determining the indications for allergen-specific immunotherapy with house dust mites allergen and its effectiveness in atopic dermatitis patients. Russian Journal of Allergy. 2020;17(3):82-92. doi: 10.36691/RJA1389. EDN: GHNUIZ.

24.

24. Huang HJ, Sarzsinszky E, Vrtala S. House dust mite allergy: the importance of house dust mite allergens for diagnosis and immunotherapy. Mol Immunol. 2023;158:54-67. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.04.008. EDN: GEGLFV.

25.

25. Calderón MA, Linneberg A, Kleine-Tebbe J, et al. Respiratory allergy caused by house dust mites: what do we really know? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;136(1):38-48. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.10.012. EDN: URSUSV.

26.

26. Kita H. How are airborne allergens remembered by the immune system? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2022;149(6):1940-1942. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.02.014. EDN: DDYOZN.

27.

27. Kim DH, Choi E, Lee JS, et al. House dust mite allergen regulates constitutive apoptosis of normal and asthmatic neutrophils via Toll-like receptor 4. PLoS One. 2015;10(5):e0125983. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125983.

28.

28. Barry J, Loh Z, Collison A, et al. Absence of Toll–IL-1 receptor 8/single immunoglobulin IL-1 receptor–related molecule reduces house dust mite–induced allergic airway inflammation in mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2013;49(4):481-490.

29.

29. Vrtala S. Allergens from house dust and storage mites. Allergo J Int. 2022;31(5):267-271. doi: 10.1007/s40629-022-00226-5. EDN: MATWAY.

30.

30. Smolnikov EV, Litovkina AO, Kolykhalova KI, Elisyutina OG, Fedenko ES. The role of atopy patch test with aeroallergens in allergic diseases diagnostics. Russian Journal of Allergy. 2021;17(4):30-37. doi: 10.36691/RJA1355. EDN: HXCCPO.

31.

31. Ring J, Kunz B, Bieber T, et al. The "atopy patch test" with aeroallergens in atopic eczema (Abstr.). J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1989;82(1):195.

32.

32. Gutermuth J, Grosber M, Pfaar O, Bergmann KC, Ring J. 111 years of allergen-immunotherapy: a long and successful history of the only available disease-modifier in allergic diseases. Allergol Select. 2022;6:248-258. doi: 10.5414/ALX02330E. EDN: KYRCUO.

33.

33. Cox L, Nelson H, Lockey R, et al. Allergen immunotherapy: a practice parameter third update. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;127(1 Suppl):S1-55. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.09.034.

34.

34. Bumbacea RS, Boustani R, Panaitescu C, et al. Mechanisms of allergen immunotherapy supporting its disease-modifying effect. Immunotherapy. 2022;14(8):627-638. doi: 10.2217/imt-2021-0325. EDN: JIIXDV.

35.

35. Yepes-Nuñez JJ, Guyatt GH, Gómez-Escobar LG, et al. Allergen immunotherapy for atopic dermatitis: systematic review and meta-analysis of benefits and harms. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2023;151(1):147-158. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.09.020. EDN: LCXFIQ.

36.

36. Cox L. Allergen immunotherapy: immunomodulatory treatment for allergic diseases. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2006;2(4):533-546. doi: 10.1586/1744666X.2.4.533.

37.

37. Akdis CA, Akdis M. Advances in allergen immunotherapy: aiming for complete tolerance to allergens. Sci Transl Med. 2015;7(280):280ps6. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa7390.

38.

38. Han H, Roan F, Ziegler SF. The atopic march: current insights into skin barrier dysfunction and epithelial cell-derived cytokines. Immunol Rev. 2017;278(1):116-130. doi: 10.1111/imr.12546. EDN: YFHASQ.

39.

39. Kaufman HS, Roth HL. Hyposensitization with alum precipitated extracts in atopic dermatitis: a placebo-controlled study. Ann Allergy. 1974;32(6):321-330. PMID: 4597822.

40.

40. Mastrandrea F. Immunotherapy in atopic dermatitis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2001;10(1):49-63. doi: 10.1517/13543784.10.1.49.

41.

41. Warner JO, Price JF, Soothill JF, Hey EN. Controlled trial of hyposensitisation to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in children with asthma. Lancet. 1978;2(8096):912-915. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(78)91630-6.

42.

42. Pajno GB, Caminiti L, Vita D, et al. Sublingual immunotherapy in mite-sensitized children with atopic dermatitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;120(1):164-170. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.04.008. EDN: MAGVRD.

43.

43. Caminiti L, Panasiti I, Landi M, et al. Allergen immunotherapy in atopic dermatitis: light and shadow in children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2020;31 Suppl 26:46-48. doi: 10.1111/pai.13390. EDN: PRBIYW.

44.

44. Bae JM, Choi YY, Park CO, Chung KY, Lee KH. Efficacy of allergen-specific immunotherapy for atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;132(1):110-117. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.02.044.

45.

45. Traidl S, Werfel T. Allergenimmuntherapie bei atopischer Dermatitis. Hautarzt. 2021;72(12):1103-1112. doi: 10.1007/s00105-021-04909-y. EDN: ANFPOA.

46.

46. Shamji MH, Durham SR. Mechanisms of allergen immunotherapy for inhaled allergens and predictive biomarkers. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;140(6):1485-1498. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.10.010.

47.

47. Golebski K, Layhadi JA, Sahiner U, et al. Induction of IL-10-producing type 2 innate lymphoid cells by allergen immunotherapy is associated with clinical response. Immunity. 2021;54(2):291-307.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.12.013.

48.

48. Werfel T, Heratizadeh A, Niebuhr M, et al. Exacerbation of atopic dermatitis on grass pollen exposure in an environmental challenge chamber. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;136(1):96-103.e9. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.04.015.

49.

49. Kim J, Boo J, Jang H, et al. Combined dupilumab and allergen-specific immunotherapy in severe refractory atopic dermatitis. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2024;16(6):682-689. doi: 10.4168/aair.2024.16.6.682.

50.

50. Liu J, Yang L, Xu Q, et al. Allergen immunotherapy and dupilumab in atopic dermatitis: clinical efficacy and disparities in immunological indicators. World Allergy Organ J. 2025;18(3):101043. doi: 10.1016/j.waojou.2025.101043. EDN: RUXOMC.

51.

51. Bogacz-Piaseczyńska A, Bożek A, Krupka-Olek M, et al. Dupilumab and house dust mite immunotherapy in patients with atopic dermatitis: a preliminary study. Vaccines (Basel). 2024;12(9):1046. doi: 10.3390/vaccines12091046.

52.

52. Елисютина ОГ, Феденко ЕС. Место специфической иммунотерапии в лечении больных атопическим дерматитом, осложненным рецидивирующей пиодермией. Физиология и патология иммунной системы. 2006;(8):15-20.

53.

53. Elisyutina O, Fedenko E. Specific immunotherapy in atopic dermatitis with staphylococcal and house dust mite allergovaccines. Allergy. 2007;62(Suppl 83):92.

54.

54. Slavyanskaya TA, Derkach VV, Sepiashvili RI. Modern approaches to specific immunotherapy in atopic dermatitis children. Russian Journal of Allergy. 2015;12(5):31-38. doi: 10.36691/RJA431. EDN: VLMLGX.