<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский Аллергологический Журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1810-8830</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-682X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17115</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36691/RJA17115</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">FJDEBX</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Chronic spontaneous urticaria in Russia: the patient journey</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Хроническая спонтанная крапивница в России: путь пациента</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8279-2173</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4547-3948</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Danilycheva</surname><given-names>Inna V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Данилычева</surname><given-names>Инна Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ivdanilycheva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1172-4568</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5365-9340</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mishina</surname><given-names>Olesia S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мишина</surname><given-names>Олеся Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>olesya.mishina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0304-5550</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5926-8255</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogdanov</surname><given-names>Ilia А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богданов</surname><given-names>Илья Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Ilya.SCI@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0268-9350</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4584-4915</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shulzhenko</surname><given-names>Andrey E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шульженко</surname><given-names>Андрей Евгеньевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>shulzhenko_ae@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Center — Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный научный центр «Институт иммунологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Childrens Scientific and Clinical Center named after L.M. Roshal</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Детский научно-клинический центр имени Л.М. Рошаля</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">European University at St. Petersburg</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Европейский университет в Санкт-Петербурге</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-05-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-05-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>162</fpage><lpage>175</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-02-06"><day>06</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-05-06"><day>06</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, ABV-press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, АБВ-пресс</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">АБВ-пресс</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-05-25"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/17115">https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/17115</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> There is no data on the nature of medical care provided to patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria from the patient’s perspective.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> To analyze the clinical and social aspects of chronic spontaneous urticaria and the patterns of healthcare delivery using data from an online survey of patients from 63 cities across Russia.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> A structured online survey was performed among respondents with chronic spontaneous urticaria over the age of 18. The survey was conducted between April and June 2025 and included 40 questions covering demographic characteristics, disease severity, comorbidities, patient routing, medical visits, and treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria. The data were analyzed quantitatively, with the calculation of the proportions of responses for each question from patients in 63 cities across Russia. IBM SPSS Statistics 21 was used for statistical analysis.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> The study involved 1,061 patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria. Most of them of working age; more than 60 % did not achieve control according to the chronic spontaneous urticaria test. Common comorbidities were sleep disorders and anxiety disorders. Patients consulted several specialists before diagnosis; an allergist-immunologist played a leading role in the management of chronic spontaneous urticaria. Satisfaction with standard-dose antihistamines was low, and the availability of second-line therapy was limited.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> The results highlight the need to improve patient referral pathways, increase physicians’ awareness of the principles of diagnosis and management of chronic spontaneous urticaria, enhance access to modern therapeutic options, and promote a multidisciplinary approach to chronic spontaneous urticariamanagement. Overall, the findings are consistent with international studies while also providing insight into the specific features of chronic spontaneous urticariamanagement in the Russian healthcare setting.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Хроническая спонтанная крапивница ― распространенное заболевание со значительным отрицательным влиянием на качество жизни пациентов. Данные о характере оказания медицинской помощи при этом заболевании с точки зрения личного опыта пациента отсутствуют.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования </bold>— выявление проблем, связанных с маршрутизацией пациентов с хронической спонтанной крапивницей, доступностью и адекватностью ожиданиям оказываемой им медицинской помощи, на основе данных онлайн-опроса респондентов из 63 городов России.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Использован структурированный онлайн-опрос респондентов с хронической спонтанной крапивницей старше 18 лет. Опрос проводили в период с апреля по июнь 2025 г., анкета включала 40 вопросов, охватывающих демографические характеристики, тяжесть заболевания, сопутствующие состояния, маршрутизацию, обращения за медицинской помощью, подходы к лечению хронической спонтанной крапивницы. Данные анализировали с расчетом долей ответов по каждому вопросу.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>В исследовании принял участие 1061 пациент с хронической спонтанной крапивницей, большинство — трудоспособного возраста, более 60 % не достигали контроля над заболеванием. Частыми сопутствующими состояниями были нарушения сна и тревожные расстройства. Пациенты обращались к нескольким специалистам до постановки диагноза; ведущую роль в ведении хронической спонтанной крапивницы играл аллерголог-иммунолог. Удовлетворенность лечением антигистаминными препаратами в стандартной дозе была низкой, а доступность 2-й линии терапии — ограниченной.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Результаты подчеркивают необходимость улучшения маршрутизации пациентов, повышения осведомленности о принципах диагностики и лечения хронической спонтанной крапивницы среди врачей, доступности современных методов терапии, а также междисциплинарного подхода к ведению заболевания. Полученные данные в целом согласуются с международными исследованиями и дают представление о российской специфике ведения пациентов с хронической спонтанной крапивницей<bold>.</bold></p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic urticaria</kwd><kwd>chronic spontaneous urticaria</kwd><kwd>angioedema</kwd><kwd>patient</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая крапивница</kwd><kwd>хроническая спонтанная крапивница</kwd><kwd>ангиоотек</kwd><kwd>пациент</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The patient survey was organized with financial support from Novartis Pharma.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Опрос пациентов организован при финансовой поддержке «Новартис Фарма».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Zuberbier T, Abdul Latiff AH, Abuzakouk M, et al. The EAACI/GA²LEN/EDF/WAO guideline for the definition, classification, diagnosis, and management of urticaria. Allergy. 2022;77(3):734–766. doi: 10.1111/all.15090 EDN: NEWKMD</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Kolkhir P, Church MK, Altrichter S, Maurer M. Autoimmune chronic spontaneous urticaria: what we know and what we do not know. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2021;147(6):1749–1761. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.03.016</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Kolkhir P, Muñoz M, Asero R, et al. Autoimmune chronic spontaneous urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2022;149(6):1819–1831. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.04.010 EDN: PPUMXY</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Puhl V, Bonnekoh H, Scheffel J, et al. A novel histopathological scoring system to distinguish urticarial vasculitis from chronic spontaneous urticaria. Clin Transl Allergy. 2021;11(2):e12031. doi: 10.1002/clt2.12031 EDN: NVLMQS</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Toubi E, Kessel A, Avshovich N, et al. Clinical and laboratory parameters in predicting chronic urticaria duration: a prospective study of 139 patients. Allergy. 2004;59(8):869–873. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2004.00473.x EDN: FLSDAQ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Brazovskaya NG, Deev IA, Kobyakova OS, et al. Patient-centered approach: analysis of relationship between effectiveness of medical care and conditions of its provision as estimated by patients. Social Aspects of Population Health. 2019;65(5):1. (In Russ.) doi: 10.21045/2071-5021-2019-65-5-1 EDN: EKCYEL</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Bernstein JA, Winders TA, McCarthy J, et al. Urticaria voices: real-world treatment patterns and outcomes in chronic spontaneous urticaria. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2025;15(8):2201–2215. doi: 10.1007/s13555-025-01461-8 EDN: ONWTGO</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Danilycheva I, Emelyanov A, Meshkova R, et al. Treating chronic urticaria refractory to H1-antihistamines in Russia: data from the AWARE study. Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2022;39(3):509–516. doi: 10.5114/ada.2022.117556 EDN: JKYPDF</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Balp MM, Vietri J, Tian H, Isherwood G. The impact of chronic urticaria from the patient’s perspective: a survey in five European countries. Patient. 2015;8(6): 551–558. doi: 10.1007/s40271-015-0145-9 EDN: XNCNAI</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Maurer M, Abuzakouk M, Bérard F, et al. The burden of chronic spontaneous urticaria is substantial: real-world evidence from ASSURE-CSU. Allergy. 2017;72(12):2005–2016. doi: 10.1111/all.13209</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Darlensky R, Kazandjieva J, Zuberbier T, Tsankov N. Chronic urticaria as a systemic disease. Clin Dermatol. 2013;32(3):420–423. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2013.11.009</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Martina E, Damiani G, Grieco T, et al. It is never too late to treat chronic spontaneous urticaria with omalizumab: real-life data from a multicenter observational study focusing on elderly patients. Dermatol Ther. 2021;34(2):e14841. doi: 10.1111/dth.14841 EDN: YXVLVF</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Sánchez-Borges M, Ansotegui IJ, Baiardini I, et al. The challenges of chronic urticaria part 1: epidemiology, immunopathogenesis, comorbidities, quality of life, and management. World Allergy Organ J. 2021;14(6):100533. doi: 10.1016/j.waojou.2021.100533 EDN: DYGDZY</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Maurer M, Raap U, Staubach P, et al. Antihistamine-resistant chronic spontaneous urticaria: 1-year data from the AWARE study. Clin Exp Allergy. 2019;49(5):655–662. doi: 10.1111/cea.13309 EDN: AOQBDB</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Metz M, Giménez-Arnau A, Hide M, et al. Remibrutinib in chronic spontaneous urticaria. N Engl J Med. 2025;392(10):984–994. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2408792 EDN: DGDCYY</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Giménez-Arnau AM, Szalewski R, Hide M, et al. Remibrutinib in chronic spontaneous urticaria: 52-week results from two phase 3 studies. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2026;157(1):143–154. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2025.09.028 EDN: BTJQHJ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Maurer M, Casale TB, Saini SS. Dupilumab in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (LIBERTY-CSU CUPID): two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trials. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2024;154(1):184–194. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.01.028 EDN: YRHSWE</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Guillén-Aguinaga S, Jáuregui Presa I, Aguinaga-Ontoso E, et al. Up-dosing nonsedating antihistamines in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Dermatol. 2016;175(6):1153–1165. doi: 10.1111/bjd.14768</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
