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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский Аллергологический Журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1810-8830</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-682X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17114</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36691/RJA17114</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">KQQYLI</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Antihistamine therapy for spontaneous urticaria: integration of pharmacological approach and clinical experience</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Антигистаминная терапия хронической спонтанной крапивницы: интеграция фармакологического подхода и клинического опыта</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6348-6867</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2725-9981</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zyryanov</surname><given-names>Sergey K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зырянов</surname><given-names>Сергей Кенсаринович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>zyryanov-sk@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8279-2173</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4547-3948</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Danilycheva</surname><given-names>Inna V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Данилычева</surname><given-names>Инна Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ivdanilycheva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6641-7752</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1189-2854</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Asetskaya</surname><given-names>Irina L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Асецкая</surname><given-names>Ирина Львовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>asetskaya-il@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1272-8042</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9997-4685</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Terekhina</surname><given-names>Elizaveta N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Терёхина</surname><given-names>Елизавета Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>1152230261@pfur.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0268-9350</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4584-4915</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shulzhenko</surname><given-names>Andrey E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шульженко</surname><given-names>Андрей Евгеньевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>shulzhenko_ae@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Center ― Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный научный центр «Институт иммунологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Information and Methodological Center for Examination, Registration and Analysis of Medical Treatment</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Информационно-методический центр по экспертизе, учету и анализу обращения средств медицинского применения</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-03-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>86</fpage><lpage>102</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-02-06"><day>06</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-03-25"><day>25</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, ABV-press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, АБВ-пресс</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">АБВ-пресс</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-04-06"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/17114">https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/17114</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The high efficacy and good tolerability of second-generation antihistamines in the treatment of idiopathic urticaria allow for their long-term successful use. Clinical experience accumulated over the past decades and data from modern studies, including meta-analyses, have convincingly demonstrated that many second-generation antihistamines have a wide therapeutic window and maintain a favorable benefit-risk ratio even when used significantly above standard doses. This has led to a reconsideration of previous restrictions and the establishment of a strategy for using high-dose second-generation antihistamines as the standard for patients with an inadequate response to first-line therapy. Currently, international and Russian guidelines have developed a strategy for using high doses of second-generation antihistamines (2–4 times the recommended dose) for resistant and severe forms of chronic spontaneous urticaria accompanied by frequent exacerbations, with the goal of completely eliminating symptoms and achieving sustained remission. It should be noted that increasing the dose is a preferable tactic over switching to a different second-generation antihistamines.</p> <p>When selecting a specific drug for long-term therapy, especially in patients whose work requires increased alertness or in those with polypharmacy, the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic characteristics of individual agents must be considered. Fexofenadine exhibits a predictable safety profile, lacks sedation, is non-cardiotoxic, and exhibits minimal risk of drug interactions. Furthermore, its efficacy within the high-dose strategy of second-generation antihistamine is among the highest. According to a 2016 meta-analysis evaluating the efficacy of increased doses of second-generation antihistamines, increasing the fexofenadine dose for the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria was effective in 83.1 % of cases ― the best result among all second-generation antihistamines studied.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Высокая эффективность и хорошая переносимость неседативных антигистаминных препаратов II поколения при лечении спонтанной крапивницы позволяет успешно применять их достаточно долго. Накопленный за последние десятилетия опыт клинического применения и данные современных исследований, в том числе метаанализов, убедительно доказали, что многие представители антигистаминных препаратов II поколения обладают широким терапевтическим окном и сохраняют благоприятное соотношение «польза-риск» даже при значительном превышении терапевтических доз. Это позволило пересмотреть прежние ограничения и закрепить стратегию применения высоких доз антигистаминных препаратов II поколения в качестве стандарта 1-й линии терапии. В международных и российских рекомендациях представлена стратегия применения высоких доз антигистаминных препаратов II поколения (с 2–4-кратным увеличением от указанных в инструкции) при резистентных и тяжелых формах хронической спонтанной крапивницы, сопровождающихся частыми обострениями, в целях полного устранения симптомов и достижения стойкой ремиссии. Повышение дозы является более предпочтительной тактикой, чем замена на другой антигистаминный препарат.</p> <p>При выборе препарата для длительной терапии, особенно у пациентов, работа которых требует повышенного внимания, или у лиц с полипрагмазией прежде всего необходимо учитывать особенности фармакодинамики и фармакокинетики отдельных представителей. Фексофенадин демонстрирует предсказуемый профиль безопасности, отсутствие седативного эффекта, кардиотоксичности и минимальный риск лекарственных взаимодействий. При этом его эффективность в рамках стратегии применения высоких доз антигистаминных препаратов II поколения является одной из наиболее высоких. По данным метаанализа 2016 г., посвященного оценке эффективности увеличенных доз антигистаминных препаратов II поколения, эскалация дозы фексофенадина для лечения хронической спонтанной крапивницы оказалась эффективной опцией в 83,1 % случаев ― наилучший показатель среди всех изученных антигистаминных препаратов II поколения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>antihistamine</kwd><kwd>chronic spontaneous urticaria</kwd><kwd>escalation</kwd><kwd>de-escalation</kwd><kwd>fexofenadine</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антигистаминный препарат</kwd><kwd>хроническая спонтанная крапивница</kwd><kwd>эскалация</kwd><kwd>деэскалация</kwd><kwd>фексофенадин</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The publication of this article was supported by Sun Pharma</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Публикация статьи проведена при поддержке компании Sun Pharma</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Church MK, Church DS. 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