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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский Аллергологический Журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1810-8830</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-682X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17090</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36691/RJA17090</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Case reports</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клинические случаи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Clinical Efficacy and Potential Biomarkers of Response to Upadacitinib Therapy in Patients with Severe Atopic Dermatitis and Comorbidities</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиническая эффективность и потенциальные биомаркеры ответа на терапию упадацитинибом у пациентов с тяжёлым атопическим дерматитом и коморбидной патологией</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1302-4178</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4874-8100</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smolnikov</surname><given-names>Evgeniy V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смольников</surname><given-names>Евгений Валентинович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>qweril2010@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9858-7596</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4317-9042</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Byazrova</surname><given-names>Maria G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бязрова</surname><given-names>Мария Георгиевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mbyazrova@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5021-9276</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2337-7930</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Litovkina</surname><given-names>Alla O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литовкина</surname><given-names>Алла Олеговна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dr.litovkina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4609-2591</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9567-1894</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Elisyutina</surname><given-names>Olga G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Елисютина</surname><given-names>Ольга Гурьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>el-olga@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3358-5087</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5012-7242</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedenko</surname><given-names>Elena S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Феденко</surname><given-names>Елена Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>efedks@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Center – Institute of Immunology Federal Medico-Biological Agency</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный научный центр «Институт иммунологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумубы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Center ― Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный научный центр «Институт иммунологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-04-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-11-30"><day>30</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-04-08"><day>08</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; , ABV-press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; , ИД "АБВ-пресс"</copyright-statement><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ИД "АБВ-пресс"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-04-28"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/user</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/17090">https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/17090</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Its pathogenesis involves key roles of Th2-cell and type 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) cytokines — IL-4, IL-13, and IL-31 — which activate JAK/STAT signaling pathways (primarily JAK1/STAT6). Despite the proven efficacy of JAK inhibitors, including upadacitinib, additional real-world clinical data are needed, especially in patients with refractory AD and comorbid conditions.</p> <p><bold>Aim</bold> — to evaluate the long-term efficacy, safety, and dynamics of potential biomarkers during upadacitinib therapy in patients with severe AD and comorbid pathology.</p> <p><bold>Materials and Methods.</bold> This case series presents data from 5 adult patients with severe refractory AD who received upadacitinib 30 mg/day for 52 weeks. Efficacy was assessed by dynamics in SCORAD, EASI, IGA, NRS, DLQI, and POEM scores. Gene expression of cytokines (TARC/CCL17, MDC/CCL22, PARC/CCL18, CTACK/CCL27, eotaxin-3/CCL26, IL-4, IL-13, IL-17, IL-22, TSLP, IL-25, IL-33) was analyzed using PCR at baseline and week 16 of therapy.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> Disease control was achieved in all patients: by week 40, 100% of patients (5/5) achieved EASI-90 response, which was maintained until the end of the observation period. Median SCORAD decreased from 65.3 to 2.7 by week 16, while median EASI score decreased from 47.6 to 0.7 by week 28. Pruritus intensity (NRS) decreased from 5 to 1 (median) by week 16. Twenty-six mild adverse events were recorded; no serious adverse events were reported. Complete drug-induced remission was observed in one female patient with comorbid alopecia areata. No statistically significant changes were detected in the profile of the studied biomarkers.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> In this case series, upadacitinib demonstrated high efficacy and a favorable safety profile in patients with severe refractory AD over 52 weeks of therapy. The observed remission of comorbid alopecia areata expands understanding of the drug's therapeutic potential. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and to identify predictive biomarkers.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Атопический дерматит (АтД) — хроническое воспалительное заболевание кожи. В его патогенезе ключевую роль играют цитокины Th2-клеток и ВЛК 2-го типа: ИЛ‑4, ИЛ‑13 и ИЛ‑31, которые активируют сигнальные пути JAK/STAT (преимущественно JAK1/STAT6). Несмотря на доказанную эффективность ингибиторов JAK, включая упадацитиниб, необходимы дополнительные данные из реальной клинической практики, особенно у пациентов с рефрактерным АтД и коморбидной патологией.</p> <p><bold>Цель - </bold>оценить долгосрочную эффективность, безопасность и динамику потенциальных биомаркеров на фоне терапии упадацитинибом у пациентов с тяжелым АтД и коморбидной патологией.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В серии случаев представлены данные 5 взрослых пациентов с тяжелым рефрактерным АтД, получавших упадацитиниб 30 мг/сут в течение 52 недель. Эффективность оценивали по динамике индексов SCORAD, EASI, IGA, ЧРШ, ДИКЖ и POEM. Методом ПЦР анализировали экспрессию генов цитокинов (TARC/CCL17, MDC/CCL22, PARC/CCL18, CTACK/CCL27, эотаксин-3/CCL26, ИЛ-4, ИЛ-13, ИЛ-17, ИЛ-22, ТСЛП, ИЛ-25, ИЛ-33) до лечения и через 16 недель.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Контроль заболевания достигнут у всех пациентов: к 40-й неделе 100% пациентов достигли ответа EASI-90, сохранявшегося до конца наблюдения. Медиана SCORAD снизилась с 65,3 до 2,7 к 16-й неделе, медиана EASI - с 47,6 до 0,7 к 28-й неделе. Интенсивность зуда по ЧРШ уменьшилась с 5 до 1 балла. Зарегистрировано 26 нежелательных явлений легкой степени тяжести без серьезных НЯ. У одной пациентки с гнездной алопецией отмечена полная ремиссия. Статистически значимых изменений в профиле биомаркеров не выявлено.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Упадацитиниб продемонстрировал высокую эффективность и благоприятный профиль безопасности при тяжелом рефрактерном АтД. Наблюдавшаяся ремиссия коморбидной алопеции расширяет представления о терапевтическом потенциале препарата. Для подтверждения данных и определения прогностических биомаркеров необходимы масштабные проспективные исследования.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>atopic dermatitis, JAK inhibitors, upadacitinib, case series, real-world clinical practice, efficacy, safety.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>атопический дерматит, ингибиторы JAK, упадацитиниб, реальная клиническая практика, эффективность, безопасность.</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work and publication of this article were supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 23-15-00432, https://rscf.ru/project/23-15-00432.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Данная работа и публикация осуществлены при поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда № 23-15-00432, https://rscf.ru/project/23-15-00432.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1.	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