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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский Аллергологический Журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1810-8830</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-682X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17082</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36691/RJA17082</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">NFMMYF</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Experience with rituximab in complex therapy of adult patients with common variable immunedeficiency with symptoms of immune dysregulation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Опыт применения ритуксимаба в комплексной терапии взрослых пациентов с общей вариабельной иммунной недостаточностью с симптомами иммунной дисрегуляции</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2587-7928</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6339-6945</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Setdikova</surname><given-names>Nailya Kh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сетдикова</surname><given-names>Наиля Харисовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>nh.setdikova@nrcii.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3350-3811</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8027-8625</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanova</surname><given-names>Tatiana S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>ts_romanova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0800-5960</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5963-4062</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Frolov</surname><given-names>Evgeniy A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фролов</surname><given-names>Евгений Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>frolovevgeny@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1508-0640</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8929-7644</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Latysheva</surname><given-names>Tatyana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Латышева</surname><given-names>Татьяна Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>tvlat@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8491-195X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4684-3112</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Myasnikova</surname><given-names>Tatiana N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мясникова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>t_miasnikova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1349-7187</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8867-9448</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klimanova</surname><given-names>Yuliya M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Климанова</surname><given-names>Юлия Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>klimanova_yuliya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0445-0533</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nazarov</surname><given-names>Nikolay A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Назаров</surname><given-names>Николай Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>589805@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7139-4882</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2882-5770</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aminova</surname><given-names>Gulumkhan E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аминова</surname><given-names>Гулюмхан Эльдаровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>79263037827@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1606-205X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2063-7973</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Latysheva</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Латышева</surname><given-names>Елена Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>ealat@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Center — Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный научный центр «Институт иммунологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian University of Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет медицины</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-04-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-05-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>137</fpage><lpage>149</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-11-11"><day>11</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-03-24"><day>24</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, ABV-press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, АБВ-пресс</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">АБВ-пресс</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-05-25"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/17082">https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/17082</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND: </bold>Due to the successful use of immunoglobulins, non-infectious complications have become the main cause of disability and mortality in patients with primary immunodeficiencies, necessitating the development of treatment protocols for complications of immune dysregulation. The development of lymphocytic infiltration of organs, granulomatous disease, autoimmune manifestations, and cancer exacerbates the course of the underlying disease and determines the patient’s life prognosis. Rituximab is one of the most commonly used medications. No large randomized controlled studies have been conducted on the use of rituximab in patients with common variable immune deficiency with signs of immune dysregulation.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> Evaluation of the effectiveness of rituximab therapy for the treatment of immune dysregulation complications in patients with common variable immune deficiency over the age of 18.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> The study included 31 patients aged 19 to 62 years with a general variable immune deficiency, manifested by symptoms of immune dysregulation without an identified molecular genetic defect. Rituximab was included in the complex therapy of the disease for all patients.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> 31 case histories of patients with common variable immune deficiency aged 19 to 62 years were analyzed. The average age of the total sample was 38.13 ± 2.20 years. Of these, 18 (58.06 %) were women and 13 (41.94 %) were men. All patients showed symptoms of immune dysregulation: granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease in 28 (90.32 %) patients, including 16 (88.88 %) women and 12 (92.30 %) men. Splenomegaly was observed in 26 (83.87%) of all patients. Splenectomy was performed in 5 (16.13 %) patients (all patients were male). Lymphadenopathy in 30 (96.77 %) patients, 12 (92.31 %) men and 18 (100 %) women. Thrombocytopenia in 22 (70.97 %) patients, 10 (76.92 %) men and 12 (66.67 %) women. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia in 5 (16.13 %) patients in the total sample, in 3 (23.07 %) men, 2 (11.11 %) women. Еighteen patients (58,06 %) in the anamnesis received other lines of therapy without effect or with a short-term effect. All patients received therapy with rituximab. Treatment regimen: 4-fold administration of rituximab at a dose of 375 mg/m<sup>2</sup> at 7-day intervals, followed by 3 administrations every 3 months. After one year of treatment, 89.28 % of patients with granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease experienced complete regression of symptoms and changes in instrumental examinations. Additionally, 63.33 % of patients reported a reduction in the size of their spleen and lymph nodes. Normalization of blood parameters (thrombocytopenia) in 59,09 % of patients. No adverse events were observed during the year-long use of rituximab.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> The efficacy and safety of rituximab in adult patients with common variable immune deficiency with immune regulation manifestations have been proven.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Благодаря успешному применению иммуноглобулинов неинфекционные осложнения стали основной причиной инвалидизации и смертности пациентов с первичными иммунодефицитами, в связи с чем необходима разработка протоколов лечения осложнений иммунной дисрегуляции. Развитие лимфоцитарной инфильтрации органов, гранулематозной болезни, аутоиммунных проявлений, онкологии осложняет течение основного заболевания и определяет прогноз жизни пациента. Одним из наиболее часто используемых препаратов является ритуксимаб. Крупных рандомизированных контролируемых исследований, посвященных результатам применения ритуксимаба у больных общей вариабельной иммунной недостаточностью с признаками иммунной регуляции, не проводилось.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> — оценка эффективности терапии препаратом ритуксимаб осложнений иммунной дисрегуляции у пациентов старше 18 лет с общей вариабельной иммунной недостаточностью.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> В исследование включен 31 пациент в возрасте 19–62 лет с общей вариабельной иммунной недостаточностью, проявляющейся симптомами иммунной дисрегуляции без выявленного молекулярно-генетического дефекта. У всех пациентов в комплексную терапию заболевания включен ритуксимаб.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Проанализирована 31 история болезни пациентов с общей вариабельной иммунной недостаточностью в возрасте 19–62 лет: 18 (58,06 %) женщин, 13 (41,94 %) мужчин. Средний возраст общей выборки — 38,13 ± 2,20 года. У всех пациентов выявлены симптомы иммунной дисрегуляции: гранулематозно-лимфоцитарная интерстициальная болезнь легких — у 28 (90,32 %), из которых 16 (88,88 %) женщин и 12 (92,30 %) мужчин. Спленомегалия отмечена у 26 (83,87%) пациентов. Спленэктомия проведена 5 (16,13 %) пациентам (все — мужчины). Лимфаденопатия отмечена у 30 (96,77 %) пациентов: 12 (92,31 %) мужчин, 18 (100 %) женщин; тромбоцитопения — у 22 (70,97 %): 10 (76,92 %) мужчин, 12 (66,67 %) женщин; аутоиммунная гемолитическая анемия — у 5 (16,13 %): 3 (23,07 %) мужчин, 2 (11,11 %) женщин. Восемнадцать (58,06% %) пациентов в анамнезе получали другие линии терапии без эффекта или с кратковременным эффектом. Все пациенты получали терапию ритуксимабом. Схема терапии: 4-кратное введение ритуксимаба в дозе 375 мг/м<sup>2</sup> с интервалом 7 дней, далее — 1 раз в 3 мес., 3 введения. Полный регресс симптомов и изменений инструментальных методов обследования через год лечения наблюдался у 89,28 % пациентов с гранулематозно-лимфоцитарной болезнью легких. У 63,33 % пациентов отмечалось уменьшение размеров селезенки и лимфатических узлов. Нормализация показателей крови (тромбоцитопении) отмечена у 59,09 % пациентов. При наблюдении за пациентами в течение 1 года нежелательных явлений при применении ритуксимаба не отмечено.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Доказаны эффективность и безопасность использования препарата ритуксимаб у взрослых пациентов с общей вариабельной иммунной недостаточностью с проявлениями иммунной дисрегуляции.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>primary immunodeficiency</kwd><kwd>сommon variable immune deficiency</kwd><kwd>rituximab</kwd><kwd>immune dysregulation</kwd><kwd>granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease</kwd><kwd>splenomegaly</kwd><kwd>lymphadenopathy</kwd><kwd>cytopenia</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>первичный иммунодефицит</kwd><kwd>общая вариабельная иммунная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>ритуксимаб</kwd><kwd>иммунная дисрегуляция</kwd><kwd>гранулематозно-лимфоцитарная интерстициальная болезнь легких</kwd><kwd>спленомегалия</kwd><kwd>лимфаденопатия</kwd><kwd>цитопения</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Латышева Е.А. 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