Russian Journal of AllergyRussian Journal of AllergyРоссийский Аллергологический Журнал1810-88302686-682XPublishing House ABV Press1704610.36691/RJA17046NZUYOSReviewsНаучные обзорыReview ArticleAirborne particulate matter as drivers of airway inflammation in T2-endotype asthmaМикрочастицы атмосферного воздуха как индукторы формирования воспаления в дыхательных путях при T2-эндотипе бронхиальной астмыhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3533-25961875-3934KhakimovaMilyausha R.ХакимоваМиляуша Рашитовна
Russian Federation

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)

канд. мед. наук

mileushe7@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5793-57538649-6138SkorokhodkinaOlesya V.СкороходкинаОлеся Валерьевна
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

д-р мед. наук, профессор

Olesya-27@rambler.ruKazan State Medical UniversityКазанский государственный медицинский университет03102025251220252243883960208202529092025Copyright ©; 2025, ABV-pressCopyright ©; 2025, ИД "АБВ-пресс"2025ABV-pressИД "АБВ-пресс"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/17046

The paper presents the modern concept of airway inflammation formation in T2 endotype asthma under the exposure to ambient air particulate matter (PM). It was shown that PM exposure leads to disruption of the epithelial barrier integrity and epithelial cells damage, triggering the alarmins production with subsequent activation of dendritic cells, Th2 lymphocytes, and/or type 2 innate lymphoid cells. The role of PM in eosinophilic inflammation in both allergic and non-allergic asthma phenotypes was highlighted. Moreover, evidence suggests that PM may modify the structure and activity of certain aeroallergens. Furthermore, a correlation was demonstrated between PM concentrations and asthma incidence. Prenatal PM exposure leads to increased risk for childhood asthma. An association was found between PM concentration and disease progression, exacerbation frequency, and emergency care visits.

The results of experimental, epidemiological, and clinical data show the significant role of PM in driving airway inflammation in the T2-endotype asthma. This highlights the need for further research to develop preventive strategies and novel therapeutic approaches.

На основе анализа данных литературы представлена современная концепция формирования воспаления дыхательных путей при Т2-эндотипе бронхиальной астмы в условиях воздействия микрочастиц атмосферного воздуха. Показано, что влияние данных микрочастиц приводит к нарушению целостности эпителиального барьера, повреждению клеток эпителия, в результате чего запускается синтез аларминов с последующей активацией дендритных клеток, Тh2-лимфоцитов и/или врожденных лимфоидных клеток 2-го типа. Отмечено значение микрочастиц атмосферного воздуха при формировании эозинофильного воспаления как при аллергическом, так и неаллергическом фенотипах бронхиальной астмы. Указано, что микрочастицы атмосферного воздуха способны изменять структуру и активность некоторых аэроаллергенов. Продемонстрировано наличие взаимосвязи концентрации данных микрочастиц и показателя заболеваемости бронхиальной астмой, а также повышение шанса развития новых случаев бронхиальной астмы у детей при воздействии микрочастиц атмосферного воздуха в период беременности. Установлена ассоциация концентрации микрочастиц атмосферного воздуха с течением бронхиальной астмы, частотой обострений и обращений за неотложной помощью.

Результаты проведенных экспериментальных, эпидемиологических и клинических исследований, подтверждающих значение микрочастиц атмосферного воздуха в развитии воспаления дыхательных путей при Т2-эндотипе бронхиальной астмы, подчеркивают актуальность дальнейших исследований в целях определения мер профилактики и новых методов лечения бронхиальной астмы.

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