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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский Аллергологический Журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1810-8830</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-682X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17016</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36691/RJA17016</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Current aspects of the use of allergen-specific immunotherapy in patients with bronchial asthma: review of GINA 2024 updates and results of the EfficAPSI study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Актуальные аспекты применения аллергенспецифической иммунотерапии у пациентов с бронхиальной астмой: обзор обновлений GINA 2024 и результатов исследования EfficAPSI</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3250-0694</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5698-6436</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurbacheva</surname><given-names>Oksana M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курбачева</surname><given-names>Оксана Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>kurbacheva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3556-969X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6715-5650</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyina</surname><given-names>Natalya I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильина</surname><given-names>Наталья Ивановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>instimmun@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2209-7531</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1312-2147</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Namazova-Baranova</surname><given-names>Leyla S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Намазова-Баранова</surname><given-names>Лейла Сеймуровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН</p></bio><email>leyla.s.namazova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3162-2510</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3363-6170</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nenasheva</surname><given-names>Natalya M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ненашева</surname><given-names>Наталья Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>1444031@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3358-5087</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5012-7242</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedenko</surname><given-names>Elena S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Феденко</surname><given-names>Елена Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>efedks@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2103-6234</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kleiner</surname><given-names>Dina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клейнер</surname><given-names>Дина Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>kleiner.dina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Center — Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный научный центр «Институт иммунологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б.В. Петровского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Stallergenes Vostok LLC</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «Сталлержен Восток</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-05-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>195</fpage><lpage>206</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-04-03"><day>03</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-04-28"><day>28</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, ABV-press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ИД "АБВ-пресс"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ИД "АБВ-пресс"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-06-03"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/17016">https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/17016</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Bronchial asthma remains one of the most significant respiratory diseases in the world and in Russia. The number of patients with asthma is steadily increasing, and disease control is not achieved in all patients, even with adequate pharmacotherapy.</p> <p>The only currently available method for the treatment of respiratory allergy that can influence the natural course of the disease is allergen-specific immunotherapy. Studying the impact of allergen-specific immunotherapy on asthma onset and progression is critical to optimizing current treatment strategies and providing new and unique options for patients with asthma. Scientific communities are focused on promoting disease-modifying solutions based on compelling clinical evidence to rethink approaches to the treatment of respiratory diseases and improve the quality of life of people with allergies. The updated Global Initiative for Asthma 2024 guidelines emphasize the importance of allergen-specific immunotherapy, especially sublingual form, in the management of allergic asthma, noting its ability to reduce the risk of onset and progression of the disease.</p> <p>The article examines the main provisions of the new expert guidelines in the field of allergen-specific immunotherapy and presents the results of the EfficAPSI study, one of the largest population-based studies demonstrating the effect of sublingual immunotherapy on the course of asthma.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Бронхиальная астма остается одним из наиболее значимых заболеваний органов дыхания в мире и России. Число пациентов с астмой неуклонно растет, а контроль над заболеванием достигается далеко не у всех пациентов даже при получении адекватной фармакотерапии.</p> <p>Единственным доступным методом лечения респираторной аллергии, способным влиять на естественное течение заболевания, является аллергенспецифическая иммунотерапия. Изучение влияния аллергенспецифической иммунотерапии на возникновение и прогрессирование астмы имеет решающее значение для оптимизации текущих стратегий лечения и предоставления пациентам новых уникальных возможностей. Научные сообщества сосредоточены на продвижении решений, модифицирующих заболевание, основанных на убедительных клинических данных, для переосмысления подходов к лечению респираторных заболеваний и улучшения качества жизни людей с аллергией. Обновленные рекомендации экспертов «Глобальной инициативы по бронхиальной астме 2024» подчеркивают значимость аллергенспецифической иммунотерапии, особенно сублингвальной формы, в управлении бронхиальной астмой, отмечая ее способность снижать риск дебюта и прогрессирования заболевания.</p> <p>В статье рассмотрены основные положения новых экспертных рекомендаций в области аллергенспецифической иммунотерапии, а также представлены результаты исследования EfficAPSI — одного из крупнейших популяционных исследований, посвященных изучению влияния сублингвальной аллергенспецифической иммунотерапии на течение бронхиальной астмы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>asthma</kwd><kwd>allergen-specific immunotherapy</kwd><kwd>sublingual immunotherapy</kwd><kwd>GINA 2024</kwd><kwd>EfficAPSI</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>аллергенспецифическая иммунотерапия</kwd><kwd>сублингвальная иммунотерапия</kwd><kwd>GINA 2024</kwd><kwd>EfficAPSI</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was supported by Stallergenes Greer</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке компании Stallergenes Greer</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Global Initiative for Asthma. 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