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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский Аллергологический Журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1810-8830</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-682X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17015</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36691/RJA17015</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Evaluation of antihistamine efficacy in combined therapy for alopecia areata</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оценка эффективности антигистаминных препаратов в комбинированной терапии гнездной алопеции</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9643-0440</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1163-5456</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tereshchenko</surname><given-names>Galina P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Терещенко</surname><given-names>Галина Павловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>gala_ter@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0489-0576</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6021-0135</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gadzhigoroeva</surname><given-names>Aida G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаджигороева</surname><given-names>Аида Гусейхановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>aida2010@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5723-6573</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8584-7564</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhukova</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жукова</surname><given-names>Ольга Валентиновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>klinderma@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8604-3612</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5327-6190</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Savastenko</surname><given-names>Aleksey L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савастенко</surname><given-names>Алексей Леонидович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>savasta@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9578-5490</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8862-5688</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Potekaev</surname><given-names>Nikolay N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Потекаев</surname><given-names>Николай Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>klinderma@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский научно-практический центр дерматовенерологии и косметологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-05-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>277</fpage><lpage>286</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-03-24"><day>24</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-05-09"><day>09</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, ABV-press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ИД "АБВ-пресс"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ИД "АБВ-пресс"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-10-10"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/17015">https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/17015</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND: </bold>In treating alopecia areata, antihistamines such as fexofenadine and ebastine are considered adjuvant therapy, primarily in patients with concomitant allergic diseases. The insufficient understanding of their mechanisms of action and limited evidence of their efficacy in alopecia areata highlight the need for further research.</p> <p><bold>AIM:<italic> </italic></bold>To evaluate the efficacy of ebastine and fexofenadine combined with local therapy for the treatment of alopecia areata.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</bold> A 12-week prospective comparative cohort study included 91 patients with alopecia areata aged ≥12 years, some with atopic conditions. Participants were randomized into two groups: the main group (<italic>n</italic> = 43) received standard therapy for alopecia areata (intradermal injection of betamethasone suspension, 0.2 mL/cm<sup>2</sup>, not exceeding 1 ml, once) combined with oral ebastine 20 mg or fexofenadine 120 mg daily for 28 days; the comparison group received betamethasone alone. Antihistamines in the main group were prescribed for allergy management. Both groups were assessed for clinical and anamnestic data, baseline and post-treatment alopecia severity via SALT scores (%), and hair regrowth rates.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> The groups were matched in age, gender and current episode duration characterized by the active stage of alopecia areata. Baseline SALT indicated mild severity (median 22.4 %, interquartile range 13.45 in the main group; and median 19.3 %, interquartile range 15.53 % in the comparison group; <italic>p</italic> &gt;0.05). All patients in the main group and 60.4 % of the comparison group had atopic comorbidities. At 12 weeks, the main group showed a reduction in SALT scores to a median value of 5.4 % (interquartile range 9.35 %), significantly lower than the comparison group (12.65 %, interquartile range 18.65 %; <italic>p</italic> = 0.002). Hair regrowth (%) was higher in the main group (72.04 %, interquartile range 35.73 % <italic>vs.</italic> 40.97 %, interquartile range 93.32 %; <italic>p</italic> = 0.01). Increased hair loss or negative regrowth occurred in 4.65 % of the main group <italic>vs.</italic> 31.25 % of the comparison group.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION: </bold>The combination of fexofenadine or ebastine with local therapy significantly reduces alopecia areata severity and promotes hair regrowth compared to only topical treatment. These findings suggest a potential role of antihistamines in stabilizing the pathological process in hair follicles, enhancing treatment efficacy. Further investigation into histamine receptors’ role in alopecia areata pathogenesis is warranted.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>При лечении гнездной алопеции антигистаминные препараты, такие как фексофенадин и эбастин, рассматриваются в качестве вспомогательной терапии преимущественно у пациентов с сопутствующими аллергическими заболеваниями. Недостаточная изученность механизмов действия и ограниченные доказательства эффективности данных препаратов при гнездной алопеции подчеркивают необходимость дальнейших исследований.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования —</bold> оценить эффективность эбастина и фексофенадина в комбинации с местной терапией при лечении гнездной алопеции.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Проведено 12-недельное проспективное сравнительное когортное исследование с участием 91 пациента старше 12 лет с диагнозом гнездной алопеции, часть из которых имели сопутствующие атопические заболевания. Участники рандомизированы на 2 группы: основная (<italic>n</italic> = 43) получала стандартную терапию гнездной алопеции (внутрикожное введение суспензии бетаметазона из расчета 0,2 мл/см<sup>2</sup>, не более 1 мл, однократно) в сочетании с эбастином 20 мг или фексофенадином 120 мг в сутки в течение 28 дней; в группе сравнения проводили только стандартную терапию гнездной алопеции. Назначение антигистаминных препаратов в основной группе обусловлено наличием симптомов аллергических заболеваний. В обеих группах оценивали клинико-анамнестические данные, степень тяжести алопеции по шкале SALT (%) до лечения и в конце периода наблюдения, а также процент восстановления роста волос.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Группы были сопоставимы по полу, возрасту и продолжительности текущего эпизода, характеризующей активную стадию гнездной алопеции. Исходные показатели SALT соответствовали легкой степени тяжести (медиана в основной группе — 22,4 %; межквартильный размах 13,45 %; в группе сравнения — 19,3 %; межквартильный размах 15,53 %; <italic>p</italic> &gt;0,05). Все пациенты основной группы и 60,4 % (29/48) пациентов группы сравнения имели сопутствующие атопические заболевания. Через 12 нед зафиксировано снижение показателей SALT в основной группе до медианы 5,4 %, межквартильный размах 9,35 %, статистически значимо отличавшееся от группы сравнения (12,65 %; межквартильный размах 18,65 %; <italic>p</italic> = 0,002). Показатель восстановления волос (%) в основной группе был значительно выше (72,04 %; межквартильный размах 35,73 % против 40,97 %; межквартильный размах 93,32 %; <italic>p</italic> = 0,01). Отрицательная динамика в виде увеличения площади потери волос наблюдалась у 4,65 % (2/43) пациентов основной группы и у 31,25 % (15/48) в группе сравнения.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Применение<bold> </bold>фексофенадина или эбастина в комбинации с местной терапией может обеспечивать более выраженное снижение тяжести гнездной алопеции и стимулировать восстановление волос по сравнению с монотерапией наружными средствами. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о потенциальном влиянии антигистаминных препаратов на стабилизацию патологического процесса в области волосяных фолликулов, что повышает эффективность стандартной терапии. Это обосновывает необходимость дальнейшего изучения роли гистаминовых рецепторов в патогенезе гнездной алопеции.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>alopecia areata</kwd><kwd>antihistamine</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd><kwd>atopic disease</kwd><kwd>SALT score</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гнездная алопеция</kwd><kwd>антигистаминный препарат</kwd><kwd>лечение</kwd><kwd>атопическое заболевание</kwd><kwd>SALT</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Rudnicka L, Trzeciak M, Alpsoy E, et al. Disease burden, clinical management and unmet treatment need of patients with moderate to severe alopecia areata; consensus statements, insights, and practices from CERTAAE (Central/Eastern EU, Russia, Türkiye AA experts) Delphi panel. 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