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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский Аллергологический Журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1810-8830</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-682X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16998</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36691/RJA16998</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Epigenetics and its role in development and regulation of allergy — a systematic review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпигенетика и ее роль в развитии и регуляции аллергии: систематический обзор</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9609-5950</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Jain</surname><given-names>Sanjeev Kumar</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жейн</surname><given-names>С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>jainsanjeevkumar77@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8821-2068</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharma</surname><given-names>Sonika</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шарма</surname><given-names>С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>soniyasharma19922@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2480-1753</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Singh</surname><given-names>Vinod Kumar</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сингх</surname><given-names>В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>drvinodkumarsingh85@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9548-5078</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rani</surname><given-names>Reena</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рани</surname><given-names>Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>reenarani.rmch@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Медицинский колледж Тиртанкер Махавир</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-05-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>179</fpage><lpage>194</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-01-30"><day>30</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-04-15"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, ABV-press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ИД "АБВ-пресс"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ИД "АБВ-пресс"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-06-03"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/16998">https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/16998</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold><italic>:</italic> Epigenetic mechanisms involving DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs have more recently been highlighted as important regulatory elements of gene expression in allergic diseases. Such mechanisms mediate interactions between predisposing genetic determinants and environmental exposures, with subsequent influences on immune response as well as on susceptibility to conditions such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergies.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS</bold><italic>:</italic> This systematic review integrated evidence from studies exploring the role of epigenetic modifications in allergic diseases. The databases were searched systematically and relevant studies as per predefined PECOS criteria were included. All data regarding epigenetic mechanisms, the target loci involved, environmental influences, and allergic outcomes were extracted and analyzed. The studies were evaluated for risk of bias using the RoB 2.0 and ROBINS-I tools, and the certainty of evidence was appraised using the GRADE framework.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold><italic>:</italic> It was observed that DNA methylation at such loci, including <italic>FOXP3</italic> and <italic>IL-4R</italic><italic>α</italic>, was invariably associated with immune dysregulation in allergic diseases across the 11 studies included. Exposure to pollutants and microbial exposure has shown associations with alterations in epigenetic profiles that have resulted in significant impacts on immune tolerance and allergic inflammation. Quantitative results: in specific immunotherapy settings, 95 % suppression of effector T-cell proliferation (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0.0001), and identification of 956 CpG sites associated with the risk of allergic rhinitis Fixed drug reaction (FDR) &lt;5 %. The studies together showed that epigenetic modifications are central to the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and may be used as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION</bold><italic>:</italic> This review highlighted how epigenetics played a crucial role in the development and regulation of allergic diseases and underlined the interactions between these entities and environmental exposures. Findings indicated that epigenetic mechanisms promise a wide potential in precision medicine, mainly concerning biomarker discovery and treatment stratification. However, study methodology heterogeneity and variability of results should be pursued further for homogenization of methodologies and thus increasing the applicability in clinics.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold>. В последние годы установлено, что такие эпигенетические механизмы, как метилирование ДНК, модификации гистонов и некодирующие РНК, являются важными регуляторными элементами экспрессии генов при аллергических заболеваниях. Эти механизмы опосредуют взаимодействие между генетическими детерминантами, которые обусловливают предрасположенность к заболеванию, и факторами окружающей среды, что влияет на иммунный ответ и восприимчивость к таким болезням, как астма, аллергический ринит, атопический дерматит и пищевая аллергия.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. В систематический обзор включены результаты исследований по изучению роли эпигенетических модификаций при аллергических заболеваниях. Проведен поиск по доступным библиографическим базам данных, включены исследования, удовлетворяющие критериям PECOS. Проанализированы все данные о механизмах эпигенетической регуляции, вовлеченных локусах-мишенях, влиянии окружающей среды и исходах аллергических заболеваний. Проведена оценка риска систематической ошибки с использованием инструментов RoB 2.0 и ROBINS-I, доказательность подтверждена с использованием инструмента GRADE.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. В 11 включенных исследованиях показано, что метилирование ДНК в локусах <italic>FOXP3</italic> и <italic>IL-4Ra</italic> связано с иммунной дисрегуляцией при аллергических заболеваниях. Взаимодействие с поллютантами и микроорганизмами связано с изменениями в эпигенетических профилях, оказывающими значительное влияние на иммунную толерантность и аллергическое воспаление. Количественные результаты: при проведении специфической иммунотерапии отмечалось 95 % подавление пролиферации эффекторных Т-клеток (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0,0001); выявлено 956 CpG-сайтов, связанных с риском аллергического ринита (доля ложных отклонений составила &lt;5 %). Во всех включенных исследованиях продемонстрирована существенная роль эпигенетических модификаций в патогенезе аллергических заболеваний, что может быть использовано в качестве биомаркеров и мишеней терапии.</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Продемонстрирована критическая роль эпигенетики в развитии и регуляции аллергических заболеваний, подчеркнута взаимосвязь между этими механизмами и влиянием факторов окружающей среды. Результаты исследований показывают, что изучение эпигенетических механизмов открывает широкие возможности в области персонализированной медицины, особенно в контексте выявления биомаркеров и стратификации лечения. Однако для улучшения применимости полученных результатов в клинической практике необходимо стремиться к унификации методов исследований.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>epigenetics</kwd><kwd>DNA methylation</kwd><kwd>allergic disease</kwd><kwd>immune regulation</kwd><kwd>environmental exposure</kwd><kwd>biomarker</kwd><kwd>precision medicine</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эпигенетика</kwd><kwd>метилирование ДНК</kwd><kwd>аллергическое заболевание</kwd><kwd>иммунная регуляция</kwd><kwd>фактор окружающей среды</kwd><kwd>биомаркер</kwd><kwd>персонализированная медицина</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Acevedo N, Alashkar Alhamwe B, Caraballo L, et al. Perinatal and early-life nutrition, epigenetics, and allergy. 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