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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский Аллергологический Журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1810-8830</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-682X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16995</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36691/RJA16995</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Clinical and anamnestic analysis of patients with Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis hospitalised in Moscow. Development of a prognostic model of unfavourable outcomes</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клинико-анамнестический анализ данных пациентов с диагнозом синдрома Стивенса–Джонсона/токсического эпидермального некролиза, получавших стационарное лечение в медицинских учреждениях г. Москвы. Разработка прогностической модели развития неблагоприятного исхода</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0865-8355</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3507-9106</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitina</surname><given-names>Ekaterina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитина</surname><given-names>Екатерина Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>katrin88866@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8013-5276</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3857-0010</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dushkin</surname><given-names>Alexander D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Душкин</surname><given-names>Александр Дмитриевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>alex@drdushkin.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1822-8533</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8899-9425</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Streltsov</surname><given-names>Yuriy V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стрельцов</surname><given-names>Юрий Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>strelok790@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9147-4636</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4372-7358</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreev</surname><given-names>Sergey S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреев</surname><given-names>Сергей Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nerowolf@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4949-9178</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2884-5000</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kruglova</surname><given-names>Tatyana S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Круглова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>surckova.t@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6646-4233</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6424-0012</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Markina</surname><given-names>Ulyana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркина</surname><given-names>Ульяна Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>itchermd@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9545-4720</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1857-8154</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedkina</surname><given-names>Marina S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедкина</surname><given-names>Марина Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>marina.ivanova0808@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6010-7975</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3887-6250</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lysenko</surname><given-names>Maryana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лысенко</surname><given-names>Марьяна Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>lysenkiMA@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5083-6637</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3023-4538</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fomina</surname><given-names>Darya S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фомина</surname><given-names>Дарья Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>daria_fomina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow City Hospital 52</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Городская клиническая больница № 52</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for High Medical Technologies — Central Military Clinical Hospital named after A.A. Vishnevsky</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр высоких медицинских технологий — Центральный военный клинический госпиталь имени А.А. Вишневского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Astana Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Медицинский университет Астана</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-06-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>233</fpage><lpage>247</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-01-27"><day>27</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-06-20"><day>20</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, ABV-press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ИД "АБВ-пресс"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ИД "АБВ-пресс"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-10-10"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/16995">https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/16995</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND: </bold>Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis are severe life-threatening conditions characterized by massive lesions of the skin and mucosa. At present, considering the high mortality rate, one of the most promising areas of research is the study of predictors of the severity of the pathology, since prognosis of the disease can further influence the choice of treatment strategy.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> Determination of epidemiological features, identification of clinical and laboratory predictors of the disease severity, and construction of a prognostic model for patients with Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis within the framework of analysis of electronic medical records of Moscow.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</bold><italic> </italic>The study was based on a retrospective analysis of medical records of patients with SJS/TEN from 2020 to 2023. Initially, 230 individuals over 18 years of age were included in the analysis. As a result of selection from the primary cohort, 122 patients satisfying the criteria for the diagnosis of Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis were included in the final analysis. Patients did not undergo additional follow-up as part of this study.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold><italic> </italic>In the analyzed cohort, a prevalence of female patients (<italic>n</italic> = 72; 59.01 %) over male patients (<italic>n</italic> = 50; 40.99 %) was observed. Lethal outcome was recorded in 27 (22.13 %) patients, of which 21 (77.8 %) had a verified diagnosis of toxic epidermal necrolysis, which was associated with a higher incidence of death compared to Stevens–Johnson syndrome (<italic>n</italic> = 6 (<italic>p</italic> = 0.001)). It was found that 112 (91.8 %) cases were likely associated with medication use, while 10 (8.2 %) presented a verified infectious agent <italic>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</italic>. Antiepileptic drugs were the most frequent cause of drug-induced Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (<italic>n</italic> = 62; 55.4 %). Based on the analysed clinical and laboratory data, a prognostic model was developed to determine the probability of lethal outcome, including decreased serum bicarbonate, increased levels of c-reactive protein, fibrinogen, fever, hypoalbuminemia.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis are rare conditions with a high mortality rate and high risk of disabling complications. Early verification of the diagnosis and stratification of patients by severity group is optimal for the choice of treatment tactics; however, further work is currently required to standardise the assessment of the severity of patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Синдром Стивенса–Джонсона и токсический эпидермальный некролиз (синдром Лайелла) являются тяжелыми жизнеугрожающими состояниями, которые характеризуются обширным поражением кожи и слизистых оболочек. С учетом высокого уровня смертности одним из перспективных направлений в исследованиях является изучение предикторов тяжести данных заболеваний, поскольку прогнозирование течения болезни в дальнейшем может влиять на выбор тактики проводимого лечения.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования<italic> —</italic></bold> определение эпидемиологических особенностей, выявление клинико-лабораторных предикторов тяжелого течения, а также построение прогностической модели для пациентов с синдромом Стивенса–Джонсона и синдромом Лайелла в рамках анализа электронных медицинских карт г. Москвы.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Проведен анализ медицинских карт пациентов с синдромом Стивенса–Джонсона/токсическим эпидермальным некролизом за период 2020–2023 гг. Изначально выборка составила 230 человек старше 18 лет.<italic> </italic>По результатам проведенного анализа медицинских карт финальная когорта составила 122 пациента.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> В проанализированной когорте отмечалось преобладание доли пациентов женского пола (<italic>n</italic> = 72; 59,01 %) над мужским (<italic>n</italic><italic> </italic>= 50; 40,99 %). Летальный исход зафиксирован у 27 (22,13 %) пациентов, из них у 21 (77,8 %) верифицирован диагноз токсического эпидермального некролиза, который был ассоциирован с более частым развитием летального исхода по сравнению с синдромом Стивенса–Джонсона (<italic>n</italic> = 6 (<italic>p</italic> = 0,001)). У 112 (91,8 %) пациентов развитие данных состояний было связано с использованием лекарственных препаратов, у 10 (8,2 %) — верифицировано методом полимеразной цепной реакции, инфекционный агент — <italic>Mycoplasma pneumoniae. </italic>Лидирующие позиции занимают противоэпилептические препараты (<italic>n</italic> = 62; 55,4 %). На основании проанализированных клинико-лабораторных данных с использованием метода бинарной логистической регрессии разработана прогностическая модель для определения вероятности неблагоприятного исхода (смерть), включающая следующие предикторы: снижение уровня бикарбоната сыворотки &lt;20 ммоль/л, наличие у пациентов системного воспалительного ответа (повышение уровня C-реактивного белка, фибриногена, лихорадка), гипоальбуминемия при поступлении.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Синдром Стивенса–Джонсона/токсический эпидермальный некролиз являются редкими состояниями с высокой смертностью и рисками развития инвалидизирующих осложнений. Ранняя верификация диагноза и стратификация пациентов по группе тяжести являются оптимальными для выбора тактики лечения, однако необходима дальнейшая работа по стандартизации оценивания тяжести таких пациентов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Stevens–Johnson syndrome</kwd><kwd>toxic epidermal necrolysis</kwd><kwd>predictive modelling</kwd><kwd>anticonvulsant</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>синдром Стивенса–Джонсона</kwd><kwd>токсический эпидермальный некролиз</kwd><kwd>прогностическая модель</kwd><kwd>противоэпилептический препарат</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research work and the publication of its results had been carried out with the financial support from the Moscow City Government Grant for the Implementation of a Scientific and Practical Project in Medicine No. 1603-53/23.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование и публикация осуществлены при поддержке гранта Правительства Москвы на реализацию научно-практического проекта в медицине № 1603-53/23.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Fukasawa T, Takahashi H, Kameyama N, et al. 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