Russian Journal of AllergyRussian Journal of AllergyРоссийский Аллергологический Журнал1810-88302686-682XPublishing House ABV Press1698110.36691/RJA16981Clinical practice guidelinesКлинические рекомендацииConference Report, Theses of ReportPractical issues of emollient use in winter for patients with atopic dermatitis: expert resolutionПрактические вопросы применения эмолентов в зимний период у пациентов c атопическим дерматитом: резолюция экспертовhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3358-50875012-7242FedenkoElena S.ФеденкоЕлена Сергеевна
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

д-р мед. наук, профессор

efedks@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4200-45984357-3897ZakharovaIrina N.ЗахароваИрина Николаевна
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

д-р мед. наук, профессор

kafedra25@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3426-34263090-4876ZaytsevaOlga V.ЗайцеваОльга Витальевна
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

д-р мед. наук, профессор

olga6505963@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5039-84739722-7961PampuraAlexander N.ПампураАлександр Николаевич
Russian Federation

Scientific Research Clinical Institute of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery named after acad. Yu.E. Veltishchev, MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

Научно-исследовательский клинический институт педиатрии и детской хирургии имени акад. Ю.Е. Вельтищева, д-р мед. наук, профессор

apampura@pedklin.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2252-85705906-9724MurashkinNikolay N.МурашкинНиколай Николаевич
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

д-р мед. наук, профессор

m_nn2001@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5021-92762337-7930LitovkinaAlla O.ЛитовкинаАлла Олеговна
Russian Federation

Department of Clinical Immunology, MD

кафедра иммунологии Медицинского института

dr.litovkina@gmail.comNational Research Center Institute of ImmunologyГосударственный научный центр «Институт иммунологии»Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional EducationРоссийская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образованияRussian University of MedicineРоссийский университет медициныN.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityРоссийский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. ПироговаNational Medical Research Center for Children’s HealthНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детейCentral State Medical AcademyЦентральная государственная медицинская академияI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)People’s Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice LumumbaРоссийский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы17122024281220242145205322111202403122024Copyright ©; 2024, Pharmarus Print MediaCopyright ©; 2024, Фармарус Принт Медиа2024Pharmarus Print MediaФармарус Принт Медиаhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/16981

In September 2024, a meeting of the Expert Council took place, featuring leading specialists in the fields of allergology, pediatrics, and dermatology. The main focus was on the issue of seasonal exacerbations of atopic dermatitis, including their manifestations during the winter period. Experts discussed the leading trigger factors that contribute to the deterioration of patients’ conditions, as well as the criteria that modern emollients for the skincare of patients with atopic dermatitis should meet.

During the discussion, the importance of emollients plus in preventing seasonal exacerbations was emphasized, based on the data from previously conducted studies. The participants concluded that further informational and organizational activities are necessary to raise awareness among both patients and physicians about seasonal environmental factors, such as temperature and humidity, atmospheric pressure, as well as contact with allergens and air pollutants that affect the condition of the epidermal barrier and contribute to the development of exacerbations of atopic dermatitis. Strategies for preventing these exacerbations using modern emollients plus were also proposed.

The results of the meeting underscore the importance of a comprehensive approach to managing atopic dermatitis, highlighting the role of lifestyle and environmental factors in controlling the disease. These results could serve as a foundation for further research and practical guidelines in the fields of allergology, pediatrics, and dermatology.

В сентябре 2024 г. состоялось совещание Совета экспертов, в котором приняли участие ведущие специалисты в области аллергологии, педиатрии и дерматовенерологии. Основное внимание было уделено проблеме сезонных обострений атопического дерматита, включая их проявления в зимний период. Эксперты обсудили ведущие триггерные факторы, способствующие ухудшению состояния больных, а также критерии, которым должен соответствовать современный эмолент для ухода за кожей пациентов с атопическим дерматитом.

В ходе обсуждения подчеркнута важность эмолентов плюс в профилактике сезонных обострений на основании данных ранее проведенных исследований. Участники совещания пришли к выводу о необходимости дальнейших информационных и организационных мероприятий, направленных на повышение осведомленности пациентов и врачей о сезонных факторах окружающей среды, таких как температура и влажность воздуха, атмосферное давление, а также контакт с аллергенами и аэрополлютантами, влияющих на состояние эпидермального барьера и способствующих развитию обострений атопического дерматита. Также предложены стратегии профилактики этих обострений с использованием современных эмолентов плюс.

Результаты совещания подчеркивают важность комплексного подхода к управлению атопическим дерматитом, акцентируя внимание на роли образа жизни и окружающей среды в контроле заболевания. Данные результаты могут стать основой для дальнейших исследований и практических рекомендаций в области аллергологии, педиатрии и дерматологии.

atopic dermatitisemollientepidermal barrierатопический дерматитэмолентэпидермальный барьерThe Expert Council was organized with the support of La Roche-Posay. Employees of La Roche-Posay had the opportunity to review the resolution text prior to publication and provide comments regarding the company’s products. All decisions regarding the final text were made by the publication authors.Совет экспертов организован при поддержке компании La Roche-Posay. Сотрудники компании La Roche-Posay имели возможность ознакомиться с текстом резолюции до публикации и оставить комментарии касательно продукции компании. Все решения по финальному тексту принимали авторы статьи.Federal clinical guidelines for the management of patients with atopic dermatitis [electronic resource]. Moscow: Russian Society of Dermatovenerologists and Cosmetologists; Russian Association of Allergologist and Clinical Immunologist; Union of Pediatricians of Russia; National Alliance of Dermatovenerologists and Cosmetologists; 2024. Available from: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/265_3. Accessed: 08.11.2024.Атопический дерматит. Клинические рекомендации [электронный ресурс]. Москва: Российское общество дерматовенерологов и косметологов; Российская ассоциация аллергологов и клинических иммунологов; Союз педиатров России; Национальный альянс дерматовенерологов и косметологов, 2024. Режим доступа: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/265_3. Дата обращения: 08.11.2024.Nutten S. Atopic dermatitis: global epidemiology and risk factors. Ann Nutr Metab. 2015;66(Suppl 1):8–16. doi: 10.1159/000370220Nutten S. Atopic dermatitis: global epidemiology and risk factors // Ann Nutr Metab. 2015. Vol. 66, N 1. P. 8–16. doi: 10.1159/000370220Lewis-Jones S. Quality of life and childhood atopic dermatitis: the misery of living with childhood eczema. Int J Clin Pract. 2006;60(8):984–992. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2006.01047.xLewis-Jones S. Quality of life and childhood atopic dermatitis: the misery of living with childhood eczema // Int J Clin Pract. 2006. Vol. 60, N 8. P. 984–992. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2006.01047.xElisyutina OG, Litovkina AO, Smolnikov EV, et al. Clinical features of various phenotypes of atopic dermatitis. Russian Journal of Allergy. 2019;16(4):30–41. doi: 10.36691/RAJ.2020.16.4.004Елисютина О.Г., Литовкина А.О., Смольников Е.В., и др. Клинические особенности различных фенотипов атопического дерматита // Российский аллергологический журнал. 2019. Т. 16, № 4. С. 30–41. doi: 10.36691/RAJ.2020.16.4.004Liang Y, Chang C, Lu Q. The genetics and epigenetics of atopic dermatitis-filaggrin and other polymorphisms. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2016;51(3):315–328. doi: 10.1007/s12016-015-8508-5Liang Y., Chang C., Lu Q. The Genetics and epigenetics of atopic dermatitis-filaggrin and other polymorphisms // Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2016. Vol. 51, N 3. P. 315–328. doi: 10.1007/s12016-015-8508-5Egawa G, Kabashima K. Barrier dysfunction in the skin allergy. Allergol Int. 2018;67(1):3–11. doi: 10.1016/j.alit.2017.10.002Egawa G., Kabashima K. Barrier dysfunction in the skin allergy // Allergol Int. 2018. Vol. 67, N 1. P. 3–11. doi: 10.1016/j.alit.2017.10.002Ständer S. Atopic Dermatitis. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(12):1136–1143. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra2023911Ständer S. Atopic Dermatitis // N Engl J Med. 2021. Vol. 384, N 12. P. 1136–1143. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra2023911Li H, Zhang Z, Zhang H, et al. Update on the pathogenesis and therapy of atopic dermatitis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2021;61(3):324–338. doi: 10.1007/s12016-021-08880-3Li H., Zhang Z., Zhang H., et al. Update on the pathogenesis and therapy of atopic dermatitis // Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2021. Vol. 61, N 3. P. 324–338. doi: 10.1007/s12016-021-08880-3Williams JR, Burr ML, Williams HC. Factors influencing atopic dermatitis – a questionnaire survey of schoolchildren’s perceptions. Br J Dermatol. 2004;150(6):1154–1161. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05869.xWilliams J.R., Burr M.L., Williams H.C. Factors influencing atopic dermatitis – a questionnaire survey of schoolchildren’s perceptions // Br J Dermatol. 2004. Vol. 150, N 6. P. 1154–1161. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05869.xSilverberg JI, Lei D, Yousaf M, et al. Association of itch triggers with atopic dermatitis severity and course in adults. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2020;125(5):552–559.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.06.014Silverberg J.I., Lei D., Yousaf M., et al. Association of itch triggers with atopic dermatitis severity and course in adults // Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2020. Vol. 125, N 5. P. 552–559.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.06.014Werfel T, Heratizadeh A, Niebuhr M, et al. Exacerbation of atopic dermatitis on grass pollen exposure in an environmental challenge chamber. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;136(1):96–103.e9. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.04.015Werfel T., Heratizadeh A., Niebuhr M., et al. Exacerbation of atopic dermatitis on grass pollen exposure in an environmental challenge chamber // J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015. Vol. 136, N 1. P. 96–103.e9. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.04.015Fölster-Holst R, Galecka J, Weißmantel S, et al. Birch pollen influence the severity of atopic eczema – prospective clinical cohort pilot study and ex vivo penetration study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2015;8:539–548. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S81700Fölster-Holst R., Galecka J., Weißmantel S., et al. Birch pollen influence the severity of atopic eczema – prospective clinical cohort pilot study and ex vivo penetration study // Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2015. Vol. 8. P. 539–548. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S81700Krämer U, Weidinger S, Darsow U, et al. Seasonality in symptom severity influenced by temperature or grass pollen: results of a panel study in children with eczema. J Invest Dermatol. 2005;124(3):514–523. doi: 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2005.23625.xKrämer U., Weidinger S., Darsow U., et al. Seasonality in symptom severity influenced by temperature or grass pollen: results of a panel study in children with eczema // J Invest Dermatol. 2005. Vol. 124, N 3. P. 514–523. doi: 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2005.23625.xGaul LE, Underwood GB. Relation of dew point and barometric pressure to chapping of normal skin. J Invest Dermatol. 1952;19(1):9–19. doi: 10.1038/jid.1952.61Gaul L.E., Underwood G.B. Relation of dew point and barometric pressure to chapping of normal skin // J Invest Dermatol. 1952. Vol. 19, N 1. P. 9–19. doi: 10.1038/jid.1952.61Engebretsen KA, Johansen JD, Kezic S, et al. The effect of environmental humidity and temperature on skin barrier function and dermatitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2016;30(2):223–249. doi: 10.1111/jdv.13301Engebretsen K.A., Johansen J.D., Kezic S., et al. The effect of environmental humidity and temperature on skin barrier function and dermatitis // J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2016. Vol. 30, N 2. P. 223–249. doi: 10.1111/jdv.13301Silverberg JI, Hanifin J, Simpson EL. Climatic factors are associated with childhood eczema prevalence in the United States. J Invest Dermatol. 2013;133(7):1752–1759. doi: 10.1038/jid.2013.19Silverberg J.I., Hanifin J., Simpson E.L. Climatic factors are associated with childhood eczema prevalence in the United States // J Invest Dermatol. 2013. Vol. 133, N 7. P. 1752–1759. doi: 10.1038/jid.2013.19Weiland SK, Hüsing A, Strachan DP, et al. Climate and the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic eczema in children. Occup Environ Med. 2004;61(7):609–615. doi: 10.1136/oem.2002.006809Weiland S.K., Hüsing A., Strachan D.P., et al. Climate and the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic eczema in children // Occup Environ Med. 2004. Vol. 61, N 7. P. 609–615. doi: 10.1136/oem.2002.006809Furue M, Yamazaki S, Jimbow K, et al. Prevalence of dermatological disorders in Japan: a nationwide, cross-sectional, seasonal, multicenter, hospital-based study. J Dermatol. 2011;38(4):310–320. doi: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2011.01209.xFurue M., Yamazaki S., Jimbow K., et al. Prevalence of dermatological disorders in Japan: a nationwide, cross-sectional, seasonal, multicenter, hospital-based study // J Dermatol. 2011. Vol. 38, N 4. P. 310–320. doi: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2011.01209.xSasaki T, Furusyo N, Shiohama A, et al. Filaggrin loss-of-function mutations are not a predisposing factor for atopic dermatitis in an Ishigaki Island under subtropical climate. J Dermatol Sci. 2014;76(1):10–15. doi: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2014.06.004Sasaki T., Furusyo N., Shiohama A., et al. Filaggrin loss-of-function mutations are not a predisposing factor for atopic dermatitis in an Ishigaki Island under subtropical climate // J Dermatol Sci. 2014. Vol. 76, N 1. P. 10–15. doi: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2014.06.004Nemoto-Hasebe I, Akiyama M, Nomura T, et al. Clinical severity correlates with impaired barrier in filaggrin-related eczema. J Invest Dermatol. 2009;129(3):682–689. doi: 10.1038/jid.2008.280Nemoto-Hasebe I, Akiyama M, Nomura T, et al. Clinical severity correlates with impaired barrier in filaggrin-related eczema // J Invest Dermatol. 2009. Vol. 129, N 3. P. 682–689. doi: 10.1038/jid.2008.280Wang SP, Stefanovic N, Orfali RL, et al. Impact of climate change on atopic dermatitis: a review by the International Eczema Council. Allergy. 2024;79(6):1455–1469. doi: 10.1111/all.16007Wang S.P., Stefanovic N., Orfali R.L., et al. Impact of climate change on atopic dermatitis: a review by the International Eczema Council // Allergy. 2024. Vol. 79, N 6. P. 1455–1469. doi: 10.1111/all.16007Uter W, Geier J, Land M, et al. Another look at seasonal variation in patch test results. A multifactorial analysis of surveillance data of the IVDK. Information Network of Departments of Dermatology. Contact Dermatitis. 2001;44(3):146–152. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0536.2001.044003146.xUter W., Geier J., Land M., et al. Another look at seasonal variation in patch test results. A multifactorial analysis of surveillance data of the IVDK. Information Network of Departments of Dermatology // Contact Dermatitis. 2001. Vol. 44, N 3. P. 146–152. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0536.2001.044003146.xEgawa M, Oguri M, Kuwahara T, Takahashi M. Effect of exposure of human skin to a dry environment. Skin Res Technol. 2002;8(4):212–218. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0846.2002.00351.xEgawa M., Oguri M., Kuwahara T., Takahashi M. Effect of exposure of human skin to a dry environment // Skin Res Technol. 2002. Vol. 8, N 4. P. 212–218. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0846.2002.00351.xSunwoo Y, Chou C, Takeshita J, et al. Physiological and subjective responses to low relative humidity. J Physiol Anthropol. 2006;25(1):7–14. doi: 10.2114/jpa2.25.7Sunwoo Y., Chou C., Takeshita J., et al. Physiological and subjective responses to low relative humidity // J Physiol Anthropol. 2006. Vol. 25, N 1. P. 7–14. doi: 10.2114/jpa2.25.7Vyumvuhore R, Tfayli A, Duplan H, et al. Effects of atmospheric relative humidity on Stratum Corneum structure at the molecular level: ex vivo Raman spectroscopy analysis. Analyst. 2013;138(14):4103–4111. doi: 10.1039/c3an00716bVyumvuhore R., Tfayli A., Duplan H., et al. Effects of atmospheric relative humidity on Stratum Corneum structure at the molecular level: ex vivo Raman spectroscopy analysis // Analyst. 2013. Vol. 138, N 14. P. 4103–4111. doi: 10.1039/c3an00716bKita H. How are airborne allergens remembered by the immune system? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2022;149(6):1940–1942. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.02.014Kita H. How are airborne allergens remembered by the immune system? // J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2022. Vol. 149, N 6. P. 1940–1942. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.02.014Chevigné A, Jacquet A. Emerging roles of the protease allergen Der p 1 in house dust mite-induced airway inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018;142(2):398–400. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.05.027Chevigné A., Jacquet A. Emerging roles of the protease allergen Der p 1 in house dust mite-induced airway inflammation // J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018. Vol. 142, N 2. P. 398–400. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.05.027Serhan N, Basso L, Sibilano R, et al. House dust mites activate nociceptor-mast cell clusters to drive type 2 skin inflammation. Nat Immunol. 2019;20(11):1435–1443. doi: 10.1038/s41590-019-0493-zSerhan N., Basso L., Sibilano R., et al. House dust mites activate nociceptor-mast cell clusters to drive type 2 skin inflammation // Nat Immunol. 2019. Vol. 20, N 11. P. 1435–1443. doi: 10.1038/s41590-019-0493-zNakamura Y, Miyata M, Shimokawa N, et al. House dust mite allergen Der f 1 can induce the activation of latent TGF-beta via its protease activity. FEBS Lett. 2009;583(12):2088–2092. doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.05Nakamura Y., Miyata M., Shimokawa N., et al. House dust mite allergen Der f 1 can induce the activation of latent TGF-beta via its protease activity // FEBS Lett. 2009. Vol. 583, N 12. P. 2088–2092. doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.05Nygaard U, Hvid M, Johansen C, et al. TSLP, IL-31, IL-33 and sST2 are new biomarkers in endophenotypic profiling of adult and childhood atopic dermatitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2016;30(11):1930–1938. doi: 10.1111/jdv.13679Nygaard U., Hvid M., Johansen C., et al. TSLP, IL-31, IL-33 and sST2 are new biomarkers in endophenotypic profiling of adult and childhood atopic dermatitis // J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2016. Vol. 30, N 11. P. 1930–1938. doi: 10.1111/jdv.13679Endo K, Hizawa T, Fukuzumi T, Kataoka Y. [Keeping dogs indoor aggravates infantile atopic dermatitis]. Arerugi. 1999;48(12):1309–1315. [In Japanese].Endo K., Hizawa T., Fukuzumi T., Kataoka Y. [Keeping dogs indoor aggravates infantile atopic dermatitis] // Arerugi. 1999. Vol. 48, N 12. P. 1309–1315. [In Japanese].Jaworek AK, Szafraniec K, Jaworek M, et al. Cat Allergy as a source intensification of atopic dermatitis in adult patients. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1251:39–47. doi: 10.1007/5584_2019_451Jaworek A.K., Szafraniec K., Jaworek M., et al. Cat Allergy as a source intensification of atopic dermatitis in adult patients // Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020. Vol. 1251. P. 39–47. doi: 10.1007/5584_2019_451Pónyai G, Hidvégi B, Németh I, et al. Contact and aeroallergens in adulthood atopic dermatitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2008;22(11):1346–1355. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2008.02886.xPónyai G., Hidvégi B., Németh I., et al. Contact and aeroallergens in adulthood atopic dermatitis // J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2008. Vol. 22, N 11. P. 1346–1355. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2008.02886.xNankervis H, Pynn EV, Boyle RJ, et al. House dust mite reduction and avoidance measures for treating eczema. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;1(1):CD008426. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008426.pub2Nankervis H., Pynn E.V., Boyle R.J., et al. House dust mite reduction and avoidance measures for treating eczema // Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015. Vol. 1, N 1. P. CD008426. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008426.pub2Meyer-Hoffert U. Reddish, scaly, and itchy: how proteases and their inhibitors contribute to inflammatory skin diseases. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2009;57(5):345–354. doi: 10.1007/s00005-009-0045-6Meyer-Hoffert U. Reddish, scaly, and itchy: how proteases and their inhibitors contribute to inflammatory skin diseases // Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2009. Vol. 57, N 5. P. 345–354. doi: 10.1007/s00005-009-0045-6Gilles S, Mariani V, Bryce M, et al. Pollen allergens do not come alone: pollen associated lipid mediators (PALMS) shift the human immune systems towards a T(H)2-dominated response. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2009;5(1):3. doi: 10.1186/1710-1492-5-3Gilles S., Mariani V., Bryce M., et al. Pollen allergens do not come alone: pollen associated lipid mediators (PALMS) shift the human immune systems towards a T(H)2-dominated response // Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2009. Vol 5, N 1. P. 3. doi: 10.1186/1710-1492-5-3Pan Z, Dai Y, Akar-Ghibril N, et al. Impact of air pollution on atopic dermatitis: a comprehensive review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2023;65(2):121–135. doi: 10.1007/s12016-022-08957-7Pan Z., Dai Y., Akar-Ghibril N., et al. Impact of air pollution on atopic dermatitis: a comprehensive review // Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2023. Vol. 65, N 2. P. 121–135. doi: 10.1007/s12016-022-08957-7Tang KT, Ku KC, Chen DY, et al. Adult atopic dermatitis and exposure to air pollutants – a nationwide population-based study. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2017;118(3):351–355. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2016.12.005Tang K.T., Ku K.C., Chen D.Y., et al. Adult atopic dermatitis and exposure to air pollutants – a nationwide population-based study // Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2017. Vol. 118, N 3. P. 351–355. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2016.12.005Kim J, Kim H, Lim D, et al. Effects of indoor air pollutants on atopic dermatitis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016;13(12):1220. doi: 10.3390/ijerph13121220Kim J., Kim H., Lim D., et al. Effects of indoor air pollutants on atopic dermatitis // Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016. Vol. 13, N 12. P. 1220. doi: 10.3390/ijerph13121220Lu C, Deng L, Ou C, et al. Preconceptional and perinatal exposure to traffic-related air pollution and eczema in preschool children. J Dermatol Sci. 2017;85(2):85–95. doi: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.11.004Lu C., Deng L., Ou C., et al. Preconceptional and perinatal exposure to traffic-related air pollution and eczema in preschool children // J Dermatol Sci. 2017. Vol. 85, N 2. P. 85–95. doi: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.11.004Wollenberg A, Kinberger M, Arents B, et al. European guideline (EuroGuiDerm) on atopic eczema – part II: non-systemic treatments and treatment recommendations for special AE patient populations. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2022;36(11):1904–1926. doi: 10.1111/jdv.18429Wollenberg A., Kinberger M., Arents B., et al. European guideline (EuroGuiDerm) on atopic eczema – part II: non-systemic treatments and treatment recommendations for special AE patient populations // J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2022. Vol. 36, N 11. P. 1904–1926. doi: 10.1111/jdv.18429Giménez-Arnau A. Standards for the protection of skin barrier function. Curr Probl Dermatol. 2016;49:123–134. doi: 10.1159/000441588Giménez-Arnau A. Standards for the protection of skin barrier function // Curr Probl Dermatol. 2016. Vol. 49. P. 123–134. doi: 10.1159/000441588Shen J, Liu Y, Wang X, et al. A comprehensive review of health-benefiting components in rapeseed oil. Nutrients. 2023;15(4):999. doi: 10.3390/nu15040999Shen J., Liu Y., Wang X., et al. A comprehensive review of health-benefiting components in rapeseed oil // Nutrients. 2023. Vol. 15, N 4. P. 999. doi: 10.3390/nu15040999Zhu JR, Wang J, Wang SS. A single-center, randomized, controlled study on the efficacy of niacinamide-containing body emollients combined with cleansing gel in the treatment of mild atopic dermatitis. Skin Res Technol. 2023;29(9):e13475. doi: 10.1111/srt.13475Zhu J.R., Wang J., Wang S.S. A single-center, randomized, controlled study on the efficacy of niacinamide-containing body emollients combined with cleansing gel in the treatment of mild atopic dermatitis // Skin Res Technol. 2023. Vol. 29, N 9. P. e13475. doi: 10.1111/srt.13475Tan CYR, Tan CL, Chin T, et al. Nicotinamide prevents UVB- and oxidative stress-induced photoaging in human primary keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol. 2022;142(6):1670–1681.e12. doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.10.021Tan C.Y.R., Tan C.L., Chin T., et al. Nicotinamide prevents UVB- and oxidative stress-induced photoaging in human primary keratinocytes // J Invest Dermatol. 2022. Vol. 142, N 6. P. 1670–1681.e12. doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.10.021Kim HW, Ryoo GH, Jang HY, et al. NAD+-boosting molecules suppress mast cell degranulation and anaphylactic responses in mice. Theranostics. 2022;12(7):3316–3328. doi: 10.7150/thno.69684Kim H.W., Ryoo G.H., Jang H.Y., et al. NAD+-boosting molecules suppress mast cell degranulation and anaphylactic responses in mice // Theranostics. 2022. Vol. 12, N 7. P. 3316–3328. doi: 10.7150/thno.69684Namazi MR, Fallahzadeh MK, Roozbeh J. Nicotinamide as a potential novel addition to the anti-uremic pruritus weaponry. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2009;20(2):291–292.Namazi M.R., Fallahzadeh M.K., Roozbeh J. Nicotinamide as a potential novel addition to the anti-uremic pruritus weaponry // Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2009. Vol. 20, N 2. P. 291–292.Bains P, Kaur M, Kaur J, Sharma S. Nicotinamide: mechanism of action and indications in dermatology. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2018;84(2):234–237. doi: 10.4103/ijdvl.IJDVL_286_17Bains P., Kaur M., Kaur J., Sharma S. Nicotinamide: mechanism of action and indications in dermatology // Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2018. Vol. 84, N 2. P. 234–237. doi: 10.4103/ijdvl.IJDVL_286_17Guéniche A, Dahel K, Bastien P, et al. Vitreoscilla filiformis bacterial extract to improve the efficacy of emollient used in atopic dermatitis symptoms. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2008;22(6):746–747. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2007.02428.xGuéniche A., Dahel K., Bastien P., et al. Vitreoscilla filiformis bacterial extract to improve the efficacy of emollient used in atopic dermatitis symptoms. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2008. Vol. 22, N 6. P. 746–747. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2007.02428.xGueniche A, Knaudt B, Schuck E, et al. Effects of nonpathogenic gram-negative bacterium Vitreoscilla filiformis lysate on atopic dermatitis: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. Br J Dermatol. 2008;159(6):1357–1363. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08836.xGueniche A., Knaudt B., Schuck E., et al. Effects of nonpathogenic gram-negative bacterium Vitreoscilla filiformis lysate on atopic dermatitis: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study // Br J Dermatol. 2008. Vol. 159, N 6. P. 1357–1363. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08836.xMainzer C, Le Guillou M, Vyumvuhore R, et al. Clinical efficacy of oligofructans from Ophiopogon japonicus in reducing atopic dermatitis flare-ups in Caucasian patients. Acta Derm Venereol. 2019;99(10):858–864. doi: 10.2340/00015555-3224Mainzer C., Le Guillou M., Vyumvuhore R., et al. Clinical efficacy of oligofructans from Ophiopogon japonicus in reducing atopic dermatitis flare-ups in Caucasian patients // Acta Derm Venereol. 2019. Vol. 99, N 10. P. 858–864. doi: 10.2340/00015555-3224Braun C, Coutier L, Bégin P, Nosbaum A. Skin-centered strategies in food allergy prevention. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2024;35(5):e14130. doi: 10.1111/pai.14130Braun C., Coutier L., Bégin P., Nosbaum A. Skin-centered strategies in food allergy prevention // Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2024. Vol. 35, N 5. P. e14130. doi: 10.1111/pai.14130Bradshaw LE, Wyatt LA, Brown SJ, et al. Emollient application from birth to prevent eczema in high-risk children: the BEEP RCT. Health Technol Assess. 2024;28(29):1–116. doi: 10.3310/RHDN9613Bradshaw L.E., Wyatt L.A., Brown S.J., et al. Emollient application from birth to prevent eczema in high-risk children: the BEEP RCT // Health Technol Assess. 2024. Vol. 28, N 29. P. 1–116. doi: 10.3310/RHDN9613Bzioueche H, Tamelghaghet M, Chignon-Sicard B, et al. Ceramide AD™ restores skin integrity and function following exposure to house dust mite. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(11):9234. doi: 10.3390/ijms24119234Bzioueche H., Tamelghaghet M., Chignon-Sicard B., et al. Ceramide AD™ restores skin integrity and function following exposure to house dust mite // Int J Mol Sci. 2023. Vol. 24, N 11. P. 9234. doi: 10.3390/ijms24119234Billmann-Eberwein C, Rippke F, Ruzicka T, et al. Modulation of atopy patch test reactions by topical treatment of human skin with a fatty acid-rich emollient. Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol. 2002;15(2):100–104. doi: 10.1159/000049396Billmann-Eberwein C., Rippke F., Ruzicka T., et al. Modulation of atopy patch test reactions by topical treatment of human skin with a fatty acid-rich emollient // Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol. 2002. Vol. 15, N 2. P. 100–104. doi: 10.1159/000049396Litovkina AO, Smolnikov EV, Elisyutina OG, Fedenko ES. The role of modern emollients in prophylaxis of atopic dermatitis exacerbation during pollination season. Russian Journal of Allergy. 2023;20(1):41–51. doi: 10.36691/RJA4136Литовкина А.О., Смольников Е.В., Елисютина О.Г., Феденко Е.С. Современные эмоленты в профилактике обострений атопического дерматита в сезон цветения // Российский Аллергологический Журнал. 2023. Т. 20, № 1. С. 41–51. doi: 10.36691/RJA4136