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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский Аллергологический Журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1810-8830</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-682X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16967</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36691/RJA16967</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Characteristics of the allergic disorder and sensibilization spectrum distributions in the Russian Federation taking into account climatic and geographical features of the regions</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Особенности структуры аллергических заболеваний и спектра сенсибилизации в Российской Федерации с учетом климатогеографических особенностей регионов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0380-6205</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4788-7407</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nazarova</surname><given-names>Evgeniia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Назарова</surname><given-names>Евгения Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>evallergo@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4961-9640</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3199-9803</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khaitov</surname><given-names>Musa R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хаитов</surname><given-names>Муса Рахимович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor; Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, чл.-кор. РАН</p></bio><email>mr.khaitov@nrcii.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Center — Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный научный центр «Институт иммунологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-12-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>440</fpage><lpage>450</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-09-10"><day>10</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-11-19"><day>19</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Pharmarus Print Media</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Фармарус Принт Медиа</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pharmarus Print Media</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фармарус Принт Медиа</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-01-28"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/16967">https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/16967</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Environmental factors have a direct impact on the course and spread of allergic disorders. In recent decades, there has been an increase in the number of patients with allergic pathology, which is partly due to global environmental changes on the planet and insufficient consideration of the specific climatic and geographic environmental factors of the region where the patient lives.</p> <p><bold>AIM: </bold>To study the characteristics of epidemiology, etiology and clinical course of allergic disorders in different regions of the Russian Federation.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</bold> To achieve this goal, a questionnaire survey of the Chief Consultants was conducted in 2019. Questionnaires were sent to all district, regional, republican centers, and cities of federal significance. The received data were analyzed and structured.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> Responses to the questionnaires were received from 49 regions of the Russian Federation, where a total of 1,468,105 patients with allergic diseases were registered during the study period. Significant discrepancies in the distribution of allergic disorders and the spectrum of etiologically significant allergens were revealed in different regions of the Russian Federation, reflecting their climatic and geographical peculiarities. There is an increase in respiratory forms of allergy, multisensitization and multi-organ allergic lesions. The Ural Federal District has the lowest number of cases of allergic rhinitis (<italic>p = </italic>0.001) among the studied regions, and bronchial asthma is more common than other forms of respiratory allergy (<italic>p &lt;</italic>0.001), while in the Southern Federal District the prevalence of this disease was statistically significantly lower than in the northern regions (<italic>p &lt;</italic>0.001). Atopic dermatitis was more frequently registered in the Volga and Far Eastern Federal Districts (<italic>p = </italic>0.009, <italic>p = </italic>0.012), food allergy – in the Volga and Northwestern Federal Districts (<italic>p = </italic>0.008, <italic>p = </italic>0.003). In the North Caucasian and Siberian Federal Districts, food allergy was diagnosed least frequently (<italic>p = </italic>0.001, <italic>p = </italic>0.002). The Northwestern Federal District registered the smallest number of patients with sensitization to house dust allergens (<italic>p &lt;</italic>0.001), and the Southern Federal District – to house dust mites (<italic>p = </italic>0.004). The lowest number of patients with sensitization to weed pollen allergens was noted in the Northwestern Federal District (<italic>p &lt;</italic>0.001). The Southern and North Caucasian Federal Districts dominate in terms of sensitization to weed pollen allergens (<italic>p &lt;</italic>0.001, <italic>p = </italic>0.001) and show a low percentage of sensitization to tree allergens (<italic>p &lt;</italic>0.001) compared to other federal districts. Low sensitization of patients to mold allergens is noted in the Ural Federal District (<italic>p &lt;</italic>0.001). The highest proportion of insect allergy is noted in the Siberian (<italic>p = </italic>0.001), and the lowest – in the Central Federal District (<italic>p &lt;</italic>0.001). The North Caucasian Federal District showed the lowest percentage of sensitization to food allergens (<italic>p = </italic>0.04). Low availability of specialized care and insufficient prescription of pathogenetic allergen-specific immunotherapy were found in all federal districts of the Russian Federation.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION: </bold>Different climatic and geographic regions of the Russian Federation differ from each other in the structure of allergic diseases and sensitization spectrum, which should be taken into account in the development of preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic measures in these territories.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> На течение и распространение аллергических заболеваний непосредственное влияние оказывают факторы окружающей среды. В последние десятилетия отмечается рост числа пациентов с аллергологической патологией, что отчасти обусловлено глобальными изменениями окружающей среды на планете и недостаточным учетом особенностей климатогеографических средовых факторов региона, где проживает пациент.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> ― изучить особенности эпидемиологии, этиологии и клинического течения аллергических заболеваний в различных регионах России.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Для достижения поставленной цели в 2019 г. было проведено анкетирование главных внештатных специалистов. Анкеты были разосланы во все областные, краевые, республиканские центры и города федерального значения. Полученные данные проанализированы и структурированы.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Ответы на разосланные анкеты получены из 49 регионов России, в которых в общей сложности за учетный период зарегистрированы 1 468 105 пациентов с аллергическими заболеваниями. Были выявлены значительные расхождения в структуре аллергических заболеваний и спектре этиологически значимых аллергенов в различных регионах России, отражающие их климатогеографические особенности. Отмечается рост респираторных форм аллергии, полисенсибилизации и полиорганности аллергического поражения. В Уральском федеральном округе выявлено наименьшее число случаев аллергического ринита (<italic>р =</italic> 0,001) среди изучаемых регионов и преобладание бронхиальной астмы над другими формами респираторной аллергии (<italic>р &lt;</italic>0,001), а в Южном федеральном округе распространенность этого заболевания оказалась статистически значимо ниже, чем в северных регионах (<italic>р &lt;</italic>0,001). Атопический дерматит чаще регистрируется в Приволжском и Дальневосточном федеральных округах (<italic>р =</italic> 0,009, <italic>р =</italic> 0,012), пищевая аллергия – в Приволжском и Северо-Западном (<italic>р =</italic> 0,008, <italic>р =</italic> 0,003). В Северо-Кавказском и Сибирском федеральных округах пищевая аллергия диагностировалась реже всего (<italic>р =</italic> 0,001, <italic>р =</italic> 0,002). В Северо-Западном федеральном округе регистрируется наименьшее число пациентов с сенсибилизацией к аллергенам домашней пыли (<italic>р &lt;</italic>0,001), а в Южном федеральном округе – к клещам домашней пыли (<italic>р =</italic> 0,004). Наименьшее число пациентов с сенсибилизацией к аллергенам амброзии, полыни и других сорных трав отмечается в Северо-Западном федеральном округе (<italic>р &lt;</italic>0,001). Южный и Северокавказский федеральные округа доминируют в отношении сенсибилизации к аллергенам сорных трав (<italic>р &lt;</italic>0,001, <italic>р =</italic> 0,001) и показывают низкий процент сенсибилизации к древесным аллергенам (<italic>р &lt;</italic>0,001) по сравнению с другими федеральными округами. Отмечается низкая сенсибилизация пациентов к плесневым аллергенам в Уральском федеральном округе (<italic>р &lt;</italic>0,001). Наибольшая доля инсектной аллергии отмечается в Сибирском федеральном округе (<italic>р =</italic> 0,001), а наименьшая – в Центральном (<italic>р &lt;</italic>0,001). Северокавказский федеральный округ показал самый низкий процент сенсибилизации к пищевым аллергенам (<italic>р =</italic> 0,04). Во всех федеральных округах России выявлены низкая доступность специализированной помощи и недостаточное назначение патогенетической аллерген-специфической иммунотерапии.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Различные климатогеографические регионы России отличаются друг от друга особенностями структуры аллергических заболеваний и спектра сенсибилизации, что необходимо учитывать в разработке профилактических, диагностических и лечебных мероприятий на этих территориях.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>сlimate change</kwd><kwd>allergic disorders</kwd><kwd>pollen allergens</kwd><kwd>indoor allergens</kwd><kwd>climate</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>изменение климата</kwd><kwd>аллергические заболевания</kwd><kwd>пыльцевые аллергены</kwd><kwd>бытовые аллергены</kwd><kwd>климат</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by the grant of the Russian Science Foundation No. 24-15-00206 (https://rscf.ru/project/24-15-00206/).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 24-15-00206 (https://rscf.ru/project/24-15-00206/).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">D’Amato G, Vitale C, Lanza M, D’Amato M. 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