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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский Аллергологический Журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1810-8830</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-682X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16964</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36691/RJA16964</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Study of the common wormwood allergoid</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Аллергенные и иммуногенные свойства аллергоида из пыльцы полыни горькой</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0283-5637</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4399-8631</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Esaulova</surname><given-names>Daria R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Есаулова</surname><given-names>Дарья Ростиславовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>esaulova.d.r@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6052-9721</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7206-6660</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nechay</surname><given-names>Ksenia O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нечай</surname><given-names>Ксения Олеговна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>xenya.ne4ay2016@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6257-6289</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7126-4748</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreev</surname><given-names>Alexandr I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреев</surname><given-names>Александр Игоревич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>cahek_ahdreeb@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6162-6726</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8072-9669</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreev</surname><given-names>Igor V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреев</surname><given-names>Игорь Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>iva66@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1508-0640</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8929-7644</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Latysheva</surname><given-names>Tatyana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Латышева</surname><given-names>Татьяна Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>tv.latysheva@nrcii.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2587-7928</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6339-6945</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Setdikova</surname><given-names>Nailya Kh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сетдикова</surname><given-names>Наиля Харисовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>nh.setdikova@nrcii.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1606-205X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2063-7973</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Latysheva</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Латышева</surname><given-names>Елена Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-p мед. наук</p></bio><email>ealat@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-6949</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5307-9425</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gudima</surname><given-names>Georgii O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гудима</surname><given-names>Георгий Олегович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>g.gudima@nrcii.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8232-6682</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4171-3871</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>Valery V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнов</surname><given-names>Валерий Валерьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Pharmacy)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р фарм. наук</p></bio><email>vall@mail.mipt.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9761-8058</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5829-5580</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Martynov</surname><given-names>Аlexander I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартынов</surname><given-names>Александр Игоревич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>immune48@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4961-9640</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3199-9803</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khaitov</surname><given-names>Musa R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хаитов</surname><given-names>Муса Рахимович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, corresponding member of Russian Academy of Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, чл.-корр. РАН</p></bio><email>mr.khaitov@nrcii.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Center – Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный научный центр «Институт иммунологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care and Major Technologies of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-12-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>469</fpage><lpage>478</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-08-28"><day>28</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-12-17"><day>17</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Pharmarus Print Media</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Фармарус Принт Медиа</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pharmarus Print Media</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фармарус Принт Медиа</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-01-28"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/16964">https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/16964</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold><italic> </italic>Allergens from the pollen of wormwood (Latin: Artemisia absinthium) are among the most dangerous in terms of allergization in central Russia, Europe and a number of other regions. The use of allergoids created using glutaraldehyde instead of native allergen extracts is due to the reduced risk of developing allergic reactions while maintaining immunogenicity and eliminating the highly toxic element formalin from the production process, which makes allergoids safer for use in allergen-specific immunotherapy.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> Obtaining an allergoid from wormwood pollen by treatment with glutaraldehyde to evaluate its properties prior to preclinical testing.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</bold> Purified extract of wormwood pollen, isolated by defatting and water-salt extraction, was dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) pH 7.5, after which it was polymerized in 0.1 % glutaraldehyde solution. Stabilization was performed with sodium borohydride solution. The extract and allergoid of wormwood pollen were studied using chromatographic analysis and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Then, intraperitoneal immunization with the obtained allergoid was carried out in CBA × C57Bl/6 (F1) mice.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> After evaluation of the specific allergenic activity using competitive immune assay ELISA with biotinylated extract of wormwood pollen allergen, it was shown that the 50 % inhibition point for the allergoid is determined at a drug concentration of 0.03 mg/ml, and for the allergen – already at 0.0008 mg/ml. Consequently, the allergenicity of wormwood pollen allergoid is significantly reduced compared to that of the original extract. In addition, the immunogenic activity of the obtained allergoid was confirmed in mice: the average optical density of the ELISA reaction, indicating the amount of IgG, in the group immunized with the allergoid was more than at least 1.5 times higher than the values for the allergen extract.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSIONS:</bold> During the work, an extract containing allergens of wormwood pollen was obtained. An allergoid was obtained on its basis by polymerization with glutaraldehyde. The obtained allergoid has a high molecular weight (the range shifted to 44–66 kDa), while it has low allergenic activity, in comparison with the original extract, and also retains immunogenicity. In this regard, this allergoid can become the basis for obtaining new ASIT treatments.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Аллергены из пыльцы полыни горькой (лат. <italic>Artemisia absinthium</italic>) – одни из наиболее опасных с точки зрения аллергизации в средней полосе России, Европе и ряде других регионов. Применение аллергоидов, созданных с использованием глутаральдегида, вместо нативных экстрактов аллергенов обусловлено сниженным риском развития аллергических реакций при сохранности иммуногенности и исключении из процесса производства высокотоксичного элемента формалина, что делает аллергоиды более безопасными для использования в аллерген-специфической иммунотерапии.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – получение аллергоида из пыльцы полыни горькой путем обработки глутаровым альдегидом для оценки его свойств, предшествующей доклиническим испытаниям.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Очищенный экстракт пыльцы полыни горькой, выделенный путем обезжиривания и водно-солевой экстракции, растворяли в фосфатно-буферном физиологическом растворе (PBS) c pH 7,5, после чего проводили его полимеризацию в 0,1 % растворе глутарового альдегида. Стабилизацию проводили раствором боргидрида натрия. Экстракт и аллергоид пыльцы полыни исследовали с помощью хроматографического анализа и конкурентного иммуноферментного анализа. Затем проводили внутрибрюшинную иммунизацию полученным аллергоидом мышей линии CBA × C57Bl/6 (F1).</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> После оценки специфической аллергенной активности с использованием конкурентного иммуноферментного анализа при помощи биотинилированного экстракта аллергена пыльцы полыни было показано, что точка ингибирования в 50 % для аллергоида определяется при концентрации препарата 0,0333 мг/мл, а для аллергена – уже при 0,0008 мг/мл. Следовательно, аллергенность аллергоида пыльцы полыни горькой значительно снижена по сравнению с таковой у исходного экстракта. Кроме того, была подтверждена иммуногенная активность полученного аллергоида на мышах: отмечена разница в уровнях иммуноглобулина G в 1,5 раза в сравнении с экстрактом аллергена.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> В ходе работы получен экстракт, содержащий аллергены пыльцы полыни горькой. На его основе получен аллергоид путем полимеризации глутаровым альдегидом. Полученный аллергоид имеет большую молекулярную массу (диапазон сместился до 44–66 кДа), при этом он имеет низкую аллергенную активность в сравнении с исходным экстрактом, а также сохраняет иммуногенность. В связи с этим данный аллергоид может стать основой для получения новых препаратов аллерген-специфической иммунотерапии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>allergoid</kwd><kwd>wormwood</kwd><kwd>ASIT</kwd><kwd>standardization</kwd><kwd>pollen allergens</kwd><kwd>enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay</kwd><kwd>mouse immunization</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аллергоид</kwd><kwd>полынь</kwd><kwd>аллерген-специфическая иммунотерапия</kwd><kwd>стандартизация</kwd><kwd>пыльцевые аллергены</kwd><kwd>иммуноферментный анализ</kwd><kwd>иммунизация мышей</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was conducted within the framework of the FMBA state task on the topic “Development of technologies, creation and testing of anti-allergic drugs” (code: “Allergobiotechnologies-16”).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проводили в рамках государственного задания ФМБА по теме «Разработка технологий, создание и испытание противоаллергических лекарственных препаратов» (шифр «Аллергобиотехнологии-16»).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bala AM, Gudima GO, Khaitov MR. 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