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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский Аллергологический Журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1810-8830</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-682X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16954</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36691/RJA16954</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Case reports</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клинические случаи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">EVALI syndrome in a patient with hypersensitivity pneumonitis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Синдром EVALI у пациента с гиперсенситивным пневмонитом</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7294-4784</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Asatryan</surname><given-names>Agunik O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Асатрян</surname><given-names>Агуник Овиковна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>god2knows2@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2201-5065</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8996-5879</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinelnik</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синельник</surname><given-names>Елена Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>127pao.ob2@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6583-3241</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nedashkovskaya</surname><given-names>Natalia G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Недашковская</surname><given-names>Наталья Геннадьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>nenagen@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5477-858X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostryukov</surname><given-names>Artyom S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кострюков</surname><given-names>Артем Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>artyomkostryukov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3744-2626</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Barsukova</surname><given-names>Nadezda A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Барсукова</surname><given-names>Надежда Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>natalibarsukova@icloud.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6407-6117</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8220-1439</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Churyukina</surname><given-names>Ella V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чурюкина</surname><given-names>Элла Витальевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>echuryukina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Rostov State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ростовский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Regional Clinical Hospital No. 2 of the Rostov Region</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Областная клиническая больница № 2</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kuban State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Кубанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-10-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-10-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>426</fpage><lpage>435</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-06-13"><day>13</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-07-31"><day>31</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Pharmarus Print Media</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Фармарус Принт Медиа</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pharmarus Print Media</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фармарус Принт Медиа</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-10-24"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/16954">https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/16954</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Smoking electronic cigarettes, or vaping, is considered by many to be a safe alternative to smoking tobacco. It was only relatively recently that reports began to appear about the development of lung damage caused by electronic cigarettes ― EVALI syndrome. Currently, the morphological manifestations of this syndrome have not been studied sufficiently due to the small number of cases described in the literature. These facts, as well as the fact that the changes that occur are not specific, and may vary in different patients, make it difficult to diagnose the disease in a timely manner.</p> <p>We have described a clinical case of death in a patient who has repeatedly received inpatient treatment for interstitial lung disease, who was admitted to the pulmonology department with signs of decompensated respiratory failure after prolonged and intensive use of electronic cigarettes. The autopsy revealed morphological signs and justified the clinical symptoms of chronic hypersensitive pneumonitis in combination with EVALI syndrome.</p> <p>The article also provides a brief review of the literature on EVALI syndrome and hypersensitive pneumonitis with their diagnostic criteria. Like EVALI, hypersensitive pneumonitis is difficult to recognize and diagnose by doctors, which is often associated with low awareness, as well as the absence of pathognomonic symptoms.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Курение электронных сигарет, или вейпинг, многими считается безопасной альтернативой курению табака. Лишь относительно недавно стали появляться сообщения о развитии вызванного электронными сигаретами острого повреждения лёгких ― синдрома EVALI. В настоящее время морфологические проявления данного синдрома изучены недостаточно ввиду небольшого числа описанных в литературе случаев. Перечисленные факты, а также то, что возникающие изменения не являются специфичными и могут варьировать у различных пациентов, затрудняют своевременную диагностику заболевания.</p> <p>Нами описан клинический случай летального исхода у пациента, неоднократно получавшего стационарное лечение по поводу интерстициального заболевания лёгких, который поступил в пульмонологическое отделение с признаками декомпенсированной дыхательной недостаточности после длительного и интенсивного использования электронных сигарет. На вскрытии были обнаружены морфологические признаки и обоснованы клинические симптомы хронического гиперсенситивного пневмонита в сочетании с синдромом EVALI.</p> <p>В статье также приведён краткий обзор литературы по синдрому EVALI и гиперсенситивному пневмониту с их диагностическими критериями. Как и синдром EVALI, гиперсенситивный пневмонит трудно распознаётся и диагностируется врачами, что зачастую связано с малой осведомлённостью, а также отсутствием патогномоничных симптомов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hypersensitivity pneumonitis</kwd><kwd>e-cigarettes</kwd><kwd>EVALI</kwd><kwd>acute lung injury</kwd><kwd>case report</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гиперсенситивный пневмонит</kwd><kwd>электронные сигареты</kwd><kwd>EVALI</kwd><kwd>острое повреждение лёгких</kwd><kwd>клинический случай</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schier JG, Meiman JG, Layden J, et al. Severe pulmonary disease associated with electronic-cigarette-product use: Interim guidance. 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