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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский Аллергологический Журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1810-8830</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-682X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16941</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36691/RJA16941</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The role of Bruton's tyrosine kinase in pathogenesis of chronic spontaneous urticaria and the prospects for the use of new treatment</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Роль тирозинкиназы Брутона в патогенезе хронической спонтанной крапивницы и перспективы применения новых лекарственных препаратов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3358-5087</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5012-7242</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedenko</surname><given-names>Elena S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Феденко</surname><given-names>Елена Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>efedks@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4609-2591</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9567-1894</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Elisyutina</surname><given-names>Olga G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Елисютина</surname><given-names>Ольга Гурьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>el-olga@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3556-969X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6715-5650</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilina</surname><given-names>Natalia I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильина</surname><given-names>Наталья Ивановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>instimmun@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Center--Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный научный центр «Институт иммунологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-05-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-06-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>265</fpage><lpage>282</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-04-23"><day>23</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-05-06"><day>06</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Pharmarus Print Media</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Фармарус Принт Медиа</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pharmarus Print Media</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фармарус Принт Медиа</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-06-16"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/16941">https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/16941</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Chronic spontaneous urticaria is a fairly common disease with an unpredictable course, burdensome symptoms and a significant negative impact on patients` quality of life. Despite the established stepwise approach to treatment with antihistamines in standard and increased dosages, anti-IgE therapy, there remains a portion of patients with unsatisfactory control of urticaria symptoms, with the need to develop drugs that target new therapeutic targets. Mast cells, basophils and B cells are key cells involved in the pathogenesis of urticaria; activation, differentiation, proliferation, cytokine secretion and degranulation in all three types of cells is regulated via Bruton's tyrosine kinase signalling pathway through FcεRI and BCR receptors respectively. Inhibition of Bruton's tyrosine kinase is being developed as a new therapeutic strategy for chronic spontaneous urticaria.</p> <p>Here we present overview of the current understanding of chronic spontaneous urticarial`s pathogenesis, the role of Bruton's tyrosine kinase, the history of medical use of Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors, as well as clinical data on the use of new Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria who have not achieved adequate disease control with antihistamines.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Хроническая спонтанная крапивница ― достаточно распространённое заболевание с непредсказуемым течением, обременяющими симптомами и значительным негативным влиянием на качество жизни пациентов. Несмотря на устоявшийся ступенчатый подход лечения антигистаминными препаратами в стандартных и повышенных дозировках и анти-IgE, у ряда пациентов сохраняется неудовлетворительный контроль симптомов крапивницы с необходимостью разработки препаратов, таргетно воздействующих на новые терапевтические мишени. Мастоциты (тучные клетки), базофилы и B-клетки ― ключевые элементы, задействованные в патогенезе крапивницы: регуляция процессов активации, дифференциации, пролиферации, секреции цитокинов и дегрануляции во всех трёх типах клеток осуществляется через сигнальную передачу с участием тирозинкиназы Брутона. Подавление её активности рассматривается в качестве новой терапевтической стратегии хронической спонтанной крапивницы.</p> <p>В обзоре представлен современный взгляд на патогенез хронической спонтанной крапивницы, роль тирозинкиназы Брутона, историю медицинского применения ингибиторов тирозинкиназы Брутона, в том числе приведены клинические данные по применению новых ингибиторов тирозинкиназы Брутона у пациентов с хронической спонтанной крапивницей, не достигших достаточного контроля при лечении антигистаминными препаратами.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic spontaneous urticaria</kwd><kwd>Bruton's tyrosine kinase</kwd><kwd>mast cells</kwd><kwd>basophils</kwd><kwd>B cells</kwd><kwd>FcεRI receptor</kwd><kwd>BCR receptor</kwd><kwd>Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor</kwd><kwd>remibrutinib</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая спонтанная крапивница</kwd><kwd>тирозинкиназа Брутона</kwd><kwd>тучные клетки</kwd><kwd>мастоциты</kwd><kwd>базофилы</kwd><kwd>B-клетки</kwd><kwd>FcεRI рецептор</kwd><kwd>BCR рецептор</kwd><kwd>ингибитор тирозинкиназы Брутона</kwd><kwd>ремибрутиниб</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zuberbier T, Aberer W, Asero R, et al. 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