Russian Journal of AllergyRussian Journal of AllergyРоссийский Аллергологический Журнал1810-88302686-682XPublishing House ABV Press1693010.36691/RJA16930ReviewsНаучные обзорыReview ArticleImmunomodulatory effect of hemozoin from Opisthorchis felineus and its participation in reducing allergic inflammation through activation of the inflammasomeИммуномодулирующее действие гемозоина Opisthorchis felineus и его участие в снижении аллергического воспаления через активацию инфламмасомыhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-5600-5760MelentevaAnasyasiay P.МелентьеваАнастасия Павловна
Russian Federation
anastasiaymelenteva@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-3948-3608ParshutkinaTamara A.ПаршуткинаТамара Андреевна
Russian Federation
tamara.parshutkina@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2962-1076OgorodovaLudmila M.ОгородоваЛюдмила Михайловна
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences

д-р мед. наук, профессор, член-корр. РАН

edu@tomsk.gov.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7130-96095285-4593FedorovaOlga S.ФёдороваОльга Сергеевна
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.)

д-р мед. наук

olga.sergeevna.fedorova@gmail.comSiberian State Medical UniversityСибирский государственный медицинский университет14052024160620242122953040203202403042024Copyright ©; 2024, Pharmarus Print MediaCopyright ©; 2024, Фармарус Принт Медиа2024Pharmarus Print MediaФармарус Принт Медиаhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/16930

Molecules of the excretory-secretory product arising as a result of co-evolution of a host and a parasite are able to inhibit the type 2 immune response, while activating the type 1 and the type 17 responses. The ability to alter the immune response can be used to inhibit inflammation in allergic diseases. In this regard, a search for helminth-associated molecules both with an immunomodulatory effect and immunogenicity and low toxicity is represented as a topical task.

Hemozoin being a dark brown insoluble biocrystal is an excretory product of a number of hematophagous parasites (Schistosoma mansoni, Plasmodium falciparum and Opisthorchis felineus). This substance as a compound of parasitic origin with explicit immunomodulatory properties has prospects for deep research.

Lots of relevant literature has been studied carefully before developing a concept about Opisthorchis felineus hemozoin and its unique properties.

Thus, the current review presents an analysis of the accumulated data regarding the effect of Opisthorchis felineus trematode on the host immune system. Also the data on the immunomodulatory effect of hemozoin of various origins is analyzed. The current knowledge on the immune mechanisms of inflammasome activation and the possible role of hemozoin in reducing allergic inflammation through this mechanism is represented in this article.

According to the systemized research results the excretory-secretory molecule of the liver fluke is a product of parasitic origin with an explicit immunomodulatory effect which is promising for prospective scientific study. Opisthorchis felineus extract increases the expression of T-regulatory cells and inhibits the Th2-immune response.

Hemozoin produced by Opisthorchis felineus, like one produced by Plasmodium falciparum, may be involved in reducing the activity of allergic inflammation through activation of the inflammasome. Comprehension of the mechanism of how hemozoin interacts with the host immune system can be applied for correction of conditions associated with Th2-polarization of the immune response, which primarily include atopic diseases.

Studying the mechanism of inflammation will help by the search for a biological target to create a vaccine to prevent the spread of atopic diseases, including bronchial asthma.

Mолекулы экскреторно-секреторного продукта, возникшие в результате совместной эволюции хозяина и паразита, могут подавлять иммунный ответ 2-го типа, и при этом активировать ответы 1-го и 17-го типов. Эту способность изменять иммунный ответ можно использовать для подавления воспаления при аллергических заболеваниях, в связи с чем поиск гельминтассоциированных молекул, обладающих наряду с иммуногенностью и низкой токсичностью иммуномодулирующим действием, представляется актуальной задачей.

Гемозоин ― тёмно-коричневый нерастворимый биокристалл, экскреторный продукт ряда гематофаговых паразитов (Schistosoma mansoni, Plasmodium falciparum и Opisthorchis felineus). Данное вещество является перспективным для изучения соединением паразитарного происхождения, обладает выраженными иммуномодулирующими свойствами. Для формирования представления о гемозоине Opisthorchis felineus и его свойствах требуется тщательное изучение литературы.

В настоящем обзоре представлен анализ накопленных данных в отношении влияния трематоды Opisthorchis felineus на иммунную систему хозяина. Проанализированы данные об иммуномодулирующем действии гемозоина различного происхождения. Представлены современные сведения об иммунных механизмах активации инфламмасомы и возможной роли гемозоина в уменьшении аллергического воспаления посредством данного механизма.

Согласно результатам исследований, систематизированным в данной статье, экскреторно-секреторная молекула печёночной двуустки является перспективным для будущих исследований продуктом паразитарного происхождения с выраженным иммуномодулирующим действием. Экстракт Opisthorchis felineus увеличивает экспрессию Т-регуляторных клеток и подавляет Th2-иммунный ответ.

Гемозоин Opisthorchis felineus, как и гемозоин Plasmodium falciparum, может принимать участие в уменьшении активности аллергического воспаления через активацию инфламмасомы. Понимание того, как гемозоин взаимодействует с иммунной системой хозяина, может быть использовано для коррекции состояний, ассоциированных с Th2-поляризацией иммунного ответа, к которым в первую очередь относятся атопические заболевания.

Изучение механизмов воспаления поможет в поиске биологической мишени с целью создания вакцины для предотвращения распространённости атопических заболеваний, в том числе бронхиальной астмы.

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