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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский Аллергологический Журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1810-8830</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-682X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16909</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36691/RJA16909</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Clinical-anamnestic analysis of patients diagnosed as "Anaphylaxis" hospitalized in Moscow medical hospitals</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клинико-анамнестический анализ пациентов с диагнозом анафилаксии, получавших стационарное лечение в медицинских учреждениях города Москвы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0865-8355</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitina</surname><given-names>Ekaterina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитина</surname><given-names>Екатерина Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>katrin88866@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9545-4720</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedkina</surname><given-names>Marina S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедкина</surname><given-names>Марина Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>marina.ivanova0808@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3794-4991</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukhina</surname><given-names>Olga A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мухина</surname><given-names>Ольга Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mukhina.o.a@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9147-4636</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreev</surname><given-names>Sergey S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреев</surname><given-names>Сергей Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nerowolf@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6209-387X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernov</surname><given-names>Anton A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернов</surname><given-names>Антон Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>sbornay1med@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0643-9423</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chicunov</surname><given-names>Nikita S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чикунов</surname><given-names>Никита Cергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>artlicasio@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1349-7187</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klimanova</surname><given-names>Yulia M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Климанова</surname><given-names>Юлия Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>klimanova_yuliya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Porfireva</surname><given-names>Snezhana М.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Порфирьева</surname><given-names>Снежана Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>swetty_snejik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6010-7975</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lysenko</surname><given-names>Mariana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лысенко</surname><given-names>Марьяна Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>gkb52@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5083-6637</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fomina</surname><given-names>Daria S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фомина</surname><given-names>Дарья Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>daria_fomina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow City Hospital 52</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Городская клиническая больница № 52</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Center for Innovative Technologies in Healthcare</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский центр инновационных технологий в здравоохранении</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Astana Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Медицинский университет Астана</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-04-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-04-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>82</fpage><lpage>97</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-12-20"><day>20</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-03-21"><day>21</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Pharmarus Print Media</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Фармарус Принт Медиа</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pharmarus Print Media</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фармарус Принт Медиа</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-04-15"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/16909">https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/16909</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic>BACKGROUND: </italic>Anaphylaxis is a severe hypersensitivity reaction. The incidence of anaphylaxis remains underestimated and there remains a low level of vigilance among all specialties, leading to underdiagnosis and consequent lack of appropriate treatment. This work is the first systematized clinical and epidemiological study performed on a cohort of patients with a history of anaphylactic reactions over 18 years of age.</p> <p><italic>AIM: </italic>To study the epidemiological features of anaphylaxis within one region of the Russian Federation, identification of its most frequent phenotypes, as well as analysis of the main errors in the management of patients with anaphylactic reactions.</p> <p><italic>MATERIALS AND METHODS: </italic>The study was conducted based on the retrospective stage analysis of data from medical records of patients with anaphylactic reactions of the Unified Medical Information and Analytical System (EMIAS) of Moscow for the period from 2019 to 2022. The final sample comprised a cohort of 241 patients.</p> <p><italic>RESULTS: </italic>In the analyzed cohort, females (<italic>n=</italic>150; 62.2%) were predominant compared to males (<italic>n=</italic>91; 37.8%). Medications (<italic>n=</italic>171; 71%) dominated the list of causative agents. The leading clinical phenotype of anaphylactic reactions in the analyzed hospitalized cohort was characterized by cardiovascular symptoms (73; 30.3%). The risks of severe course increased with age (older than 44 years) (<italic>p=</italic>0.006). Information on prehospital therapy was obtained in 183 patients (75.9%), with only 128 (70%) patients receiving epinephrine therapy. A correlation was found between the absence of epinephrine administration in the prehospital phase and the development of a biphasic course of anaphylactic reactions subsequently (<italic>p &lt;</italic>0.001). Only 15 (38.5%) patients with an aggravated history of anaphylaxis were previously informed about the need to carry epinephrine solution.</p> <p><italic>CONCLUSIONS: </italic>Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening pathology requiring emergency medical care, regardless of the severity of the initial symptoms. Variations in the clinical symptoms that constitute the diagnostic criteria for anaphylaxis, differences in algorithms, and limitations of existing coding systems make it difficult to summarize epidemiological data and compare study results. Older age remains a risk factor for the development of severe anaphylactic reactions confirmed in our cohort.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Обоснование. Анафилаксия является тяжёлой жизнеугрожающей системной реакцией гиперчувствительности. Реальный уровень заболеваемости анафилаксией до сих пор остаётся недооценённым во всём мире, поэтому среди врачей всех специальностей сохраняется достаточно низкий порог обеспокоенности в отношении данного заболевания, что в результате приводит к гиподиагностике и, как следствие, отсутствию надлежащего лечения. Данная работа представляет, по существу, первый опыт систематизированного клинико-эпидемиологического исследования, выполненного на когорте пациентов старше 18 лет с анафилактическими реакциями в анамнезе, проживающих на территории Москвы.</p> <p>Цель ― изучение эпидемиологических особенностей анафилаксии в рамках одного региона Российской Федерации, выявление наиболее частых её фенотипов, триггеров, а также анализ основных ошибок ведения пациентов с анафилактическими реакциями.</p> <p>Материалы и методы. Выполнен ретроспективный поэтапный анализ данных медицинских карт пациентов с анафилактическими реакциями Единой медицинской информационно-аналитической системы (ЕМИАС) города Москвы за период с 2019 по 2022 год. На основании первичной обработки данных разработана анкета, которую в дальнейшем заполняли пациенты. Триггер анафилактических реакций документально подтверждён у 74 (30,7%) пациентов, определён с высокой вероятностью ― у 167 (69,3%) из 241, составивших финальную выборку.</p> <p>Результаты. В анализируемой когорте преобладали женщины (<italic>n=</italic>150; 62,2%). Лекарственные препараты (<italic>n=</italic>171; 71,0%) доминировали в списке причинно-значимых агентов. Ведущий клинический фенотип анафилактических реакций характеризовался симптомами со стороны сердечно-сосудистой системы (<italic>n=</italic>73; 30,3%). Риск тяжёлого течения заболевания увеличивался с возрастом (старше 44 лет; <italic>р=</italic>0,006). У 183 (75,9%) пациентов получена информация о проведённой на догоспитальном этапе терапии, из них лечение эпинефрином получили только 128 (70%). Выявлена корреляция между отсутствием введения эпинефрина на догоспитальном этапе и развитием двухфазного течения анафилактических реакций впоследствии (<italic>р &lt;</italic>0,001). Только 15 (38,5%) пациентов с отягощённым анамнезом по анафилаксии были ранее информированы о необходимости иметь при себе раствор эпинефрина.</p> <p>Заключение. Анафилаксия является жизнеугрожающей патологией, требующей неотложной медицинской помощи независимо от степени тяжести первоначальных симптомов. Вариативные клинические симптомы, составляющие диагностические критерии анафилаксии, различия в алгоритмах и ограничения существующих систем кодирования затрудняют обобщение эпидемиологических данных и сравнение результатов исследований. Фактором риска развития тяжёлой анафилактической реакции, подтверждённым в нашей когорте, является более старший возраст.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anaphylaxis</kwd><kwd>anaphylactic reactions</kwd><kwd>epinephrine</kwd><kwd>immediate hypersensitivity reactions</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>анафилаксия</kwd><kwd>анафилактические реакции</kwd><kwd>эпинефрин</kwd><kwd>реакции гиперчувствительности немедленного типа</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muraro A, Agache I, Clark A, et al.; European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. EAACI food allergy and anaphylaxis guidelines: Managing patients with food allergy in the community. 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