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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский Аллергологический Журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1810-8830</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-682X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16904</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36691/RJA16904</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Features of sensitization in patients with alopecia areata, associated with atopic diseases</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Особенности сенсибилизации у пациентов с гнёздной алопецией, ассоциированной с атопическими заболеваниями</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9578-5490</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8862-5688</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Potekaev</surname><given-names>Nikolay N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Потекаев</surname><given-names>Николай Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>klinderma@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9643-0440</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1163-5456</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tereshchenko</surname><given-names>Galina P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Терещенко</surname><given-names>Галина Павловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>gala_ter@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5039-8473</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9722-7961</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pampura</surname><given-names>Alexander N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пампура</surname><given-names>Александр  Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>apampura@pedklin.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0489-0576</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6021-0135</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gadzhigoroeva</surname><given-names>Aida G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаджигороева</surname><given-names>Аида Гусейхановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>aida2010@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5723-6573</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8584-7564</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhukova</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жукова</surname><given-names>Ольга Валентиновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>klinderma@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8604-3612</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5327-6190</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Savastenko</surname><given-names>Alexey L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савастенко</surname><given-names>Алексей Леонидович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>savasta@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский научно-практический Центр дерматовенерологии и косметологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Russian Ministry of Health</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский клинический институт педиатрии и детской хирургии имени академика Ю.Е. Вельтищева ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-05-21" publication-format="electronic"><day>21</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-06-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>243</fpage><lpage>253</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-11-20"><day>20</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-05-14"><day>14</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Pharmarus Print Media</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Фармарус Принт Медиа</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pharmarus Print Media</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фармарус Принт Медиа</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-06-16"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/16904">https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/16904</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic>BACKGROUND: </italic>Association of alopecia areata and atopic diseases has been confirmed in clinical, epidemiologic, genetic and immunologic studies. The study of sensitization features and atopic diseases structure in alopecia areata patients makes it possible to phenotype patients with atopy and consider additional treatment options for alopecia areata.</p> <p><italic>AIM: </italic>To determine the sensitization spectrum and atopic diseases structure in alopecia areata patients considering the age and clinical form of alopecia.</p> <p><italic>MATERIALS AND METHODS: </italic>A comparative uncontrolled study was conducted. The data of 162 patients 5–51 years with alopecia areata, atopic dermatitis, asthma, allergic rhinitis/rhinoconjuctivitis for the period from April 2022 to May 2023 were used. The nature of sensitization and the structure of atopic diseases were analyzed. Clinical forms of alopecia areata were assessed by the hair-loss area.</p> <p><italic>RESULTS: </italic>The patients were divided according to alopecia areata status: the first group included 54 alopecia areata patients with atopic diseases, the second ― 108 atopic patients without alopecia areata. Subgroups were formed according to age: in group 1 the mean age was 16.3±1.38 years, 57% were children (5–17 years), 43% were older 18 years; in group 2 the mean age was 17.1±1.43 years, 54% children and 46% adults. Among alopecia areata patients seasonal pollen sensitization prevailed (22/54 people); polyvalent sensitization was observed in 13/54 people, 6 of whom had severe forms of alopecia areata, 6 ― ophiasis. Comparison of the sensitization spectrum between the groups revealed no differences. In group of adult alopecia areata patients isolated respiratory allergies were significantly less frequent (OR 0.21; CI 0.07–0.60; <italic>p</italic>=0.004), but combined atopic diseases were more frequently observed (OR 4.71; CI 1.43–15.58; <italic>p</italic>=0.012). Most patients with severe alopecia areata were children (8/12) with polyvalent sensitization and respiratory and combined atopic diseases.</p> <p><italic>CONCLUSION: </italic>The comorbidity of alopecia areata and atopy is manifested by an increased incidence of severe alopecia in childhood and a tendency to progression of allergic inflammation, realized as combined atopic diseases. The spectrum of sensitization in patients with and without alopecia areata does not differ and characterized by the predominance of the most common allergens (plant pollen). These results indicate the need for timely phenotyping of alopecia areata patients with allergic predisposition, especially with early onset and progressive alopecia.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Обоснование. Ассоциация гнёздной алопеции и атопических заболеваний подтверждается в клинико-эпидемиологических, генетических и иммунологических исследованиях. Изучение особенностей сенсибилизации и структуры атопических заболеваний у пациентов с гнёздной алопецией даёт возможность фенотипирования пациентов с атопическим статусом, а также рассмотрения дополнительных вариантов лечения гнёздной алопеции.</p> <p>Цель исследования ― определить спектр сенсибилизации и структуру атопических заболеваний у пациентов с гнёздной алопецией с учётом возраста и клинической формы алопеции.</p> <p>Материалы и методы. Проведено сравнительное неконтролируемое исследование. Использованы данные обследования 162 пациентов обоего пола в возрасте от 5 лет до 51 года с диагнозами гнёздной алопеции, атопического дерматита, бронхиальной астмы, аллергического ринита/риноконъюнктивита за период с апреля 2022 по май 2023 года. Проанализированы характер сенсибилизации и структура атопических заболеваний, подтверждённых методами специального аллергологического обследования. Оценка клинической формы гнёздной алопеции проведена с учётом площади потери волос.</p> <p>Результаты. Пациенты с атопическими заболеваниями распределены на две группы: с наличием гнёздной алопеции (<italic>n=</italic>54; дети ― 57%) и без неё (<italic>n=</italic>108; дети ― 54%). Внутри групп сформированы подгруппы с учётом возраста. Среди пациентов группы 1 преобладала сезонная пыльцевая (у 22) и поливалентная (у 13) сенсибилизация, 6/13 пациентов имели тяжёлые формы гнёздной алопеции, 6 ― офиазис. Сравнение спектра сенсибилизации между группами не выявило различий. Анализ структуры атопических заболеваний показал, что среди пациентов с гнёздной алопецией старше 18 лет аллергические заболевания респираторного тракта в изолированном виде встречались достоверно реже (ОШ 0,21; ДИ 0,07–0,60; <italic>р=</italic>0,004), но в этой группе чаще отмечались сочетанные фомы аллергиической патологии (ОШ 4,71; ДИ 1,43–15,58; <italic>р=</italic>0,012). Большинство пациентов с тяжёлыми формами гнёздной алопеции были детского возраста (8/12) с поливалентной сенсибилизацией и клиническими проявлениями в виде респираторных и сочетанных атопических заболеваний.</p> <p>Заключение. Коморбидность гнёздной алопеции и болезней атопической природы проявляется повышенной частотой тяжёлых форм алопеции в детском возрасте и тенденцией к прогрессированию аллергического воспаления в виде сочетанных атопических заболеваний. Спектр сенсибилизации у пациентов с гнёздной алопецией и без неё не различается и характеризуется преобладанием наиболее распространённых аллергенов (пыльца растений). Полученные результаты нацеливают на своевременное фенотипирование пациентов с гнёздной алопецией с учётом аллергической предрасположенности, особенно у лиц с ранним началом и активным течением алопеции.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>alopecia areata</kwd><kwd>atopic diseases</kwd><kwd>sensitization</kwd><kwd>comorbidity</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гнёздная алопеция</kwd><kwd>атопические заболевания</kwd><kwd>сенсибилизация</kwd><kwd>коморбидность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Richardson CT, Hayden MS, Gilmore ES, Poligone B. Evaluation of the relationship between alopecia areata and viral antigen exposure. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2018;19(1):119–126. 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