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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский Аллергологический Журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1810-8830</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-682X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">15993</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36691/RJA15993</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Targeted Therapy for Severe Asthma: Switching Biological agents in Real Clinical Practice — Causes and Consequences</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Таргетная терапия тяжёлой бронхиальной астмы: смена биологического препарата в реальной клинической практике ― причины и следствие</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3028-2657</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8210-6478</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Naumova</surname><given-names>Veronika V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наумова</surname><given-names>Вероника Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>nika.naumova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2485-2243</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">AAI-1608-2020</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6987-1057</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Beltyukov</surname><given-names>Evgeny K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бельтюков</surname><given-names>Евгений Кронидович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, чл.-корр. РАН</p></bio><email>asthma@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7847-5415</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9446-7866</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiseleva</surname><given-names>Darina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киселева</surname><given-names>Дарина Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>darinakiseljova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0823-4605</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2918-8690</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bykova</surname><given-names>Galina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Быкова</surname><given-names>Галина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>Center-ao@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0705-6651</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5443-9382</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smolenskaya</surname><given-names>Olga G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смоленская</surname><given-names>Ольга Георгиевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>o.smolenskaya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8104-0017</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1086-9994</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shtanova</surname><given-names>Alexandra A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Штанова</surname><given-names>Александра Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>alekshtanova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5365-7792</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6198-1141</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepina</surname><given-names>Daria А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степина</surname><given-names>Дарья Артемовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>d.stepina37@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ural State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Уральский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-12-21" publication-format="electronic"><day>21</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>439</fpage><lpage>454</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-09-28"><day>28</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-11-28"><day>28</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Pharmarus Print Media</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Фармарус Принт Медиа</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pharmarus Print Media</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фармарус Принт Медиа</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-02-02"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/15993">https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/15993</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>BACKGROUND:</italic></bold><bold> </bold>The complexity of choosing a genetically engineered biological drug for the treatment of severe bronchial asthma is due to the intersection of disease endotypes and phenotypes. Mistakes in biological choice lead to the discontinuation and/or switching of the drug because of insufficient effectiveness of therapy.</p> <p><bold><italic>AIM:</italic></bold><bold> </bold>To determine the reasons for stopping targeted therapy and biological switching effectiveness in patients with severe bronchial asthma in clinical practice.</p> <p><bold><italic>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</italic></bold><bold> </bold>Patients with severe bronchial asthma (<italic>n</italic>=116) from the Sverdlovsk region register were divided into three groups: (1) continuous, (2) stoppers, and (3) switchers. Predictors of biological withdrawal and switching, reasons for the first biological stopping, switching schemes, therapy effectiveness after switching according to the asthma control test (ACT), asthma quality of life questionnaire (AQLQ), 22-item sinonasal outcome test [SNOT-22], forced expiratory volume in the first second, need for systemic glucocorticosteroids, and achievement of strong asthma control were determined.</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS:</italic></bold><bold> </bold>Of the 116 patients in the registry, 17.2% were stoppers and 12.1% were switchers. Stoppers suffered from chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps less often and had an earlier asthma onset. Switchers had higher blood eosinophil levels. Therapy was canceled for personal reasons in 45% of the patients. The ineffectiveness of therapy in severe bronchial asthma and/or chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps was the main reason for switching (92.8%) from omalizumab and benralizumab. The drug of choice for switching was dupilumab. Indicators improved, namely, ACT by 86.4%, AQLQ by 52.5%, SNOT-22 by 48%, and forced expiratory volume in the first second by 21.2%), and the need for systemic glucocorticosteroids decreased to 0 in 12 months after switching. Strong control was achieved in 62.5% of the patients when excluding the forced expiratory volume in the first second, and 50% of patients when including the forced expiratory volume in the first second.</p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSION:</italic></bold><italic> </italic>Careful selection of targeted therapy patients minimizes the failures of the starting drug to 12.1%. Switching the starting genetically engineered biological drug, aimed only at blocking eosinophils or only at blocking IgE, because of its inefficiency, to a drug with a dual mechanism of action leads to a significant improvement in ACT, AQLQ, SNOT-22, forced expiratory volume in the first second, and absence of systemic glucocorticosteroids.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Сложность выбора генно-инженерного биологического препарата для лечения тяжёлой бронхиальной астмы обусловлена перекрёстами эндотипов и фенотипов заболевания. Ошибки выбора генно-инженерного биологического препарата приводят к отмене и/или смене препарата вследствие недостаточной эффективности терапии.</p> <p><bold>Цель </bold>— определить причины прекращения таргетной терапии и эффективность смены биологического препарата у больных тяжёлой бронхиальной астмой в реальной клинической практике.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Участниками исследования были пациенты с тяжёлой бронхиальной астмой (<italic>n</italic>=116) из регистра Свердловской области. Пациенты были разделены на 3 группы: «Продолжающие» (группа 1), «Стопперы» (группа 2) и «Переключённые» (группа 3), в которых определяли предикторы отмены и смены генно-инженерного биологического препарата, причины отмены стартового генно-инженерного биологического препарата, схемы переключения, эффективность терапии после переключения (по объёму форсированного выдоха за первую секунду, потребности в системных глюкокортикоидах, достижению стойкого контроля над бронхиальной астмой, динамике тестов АСТ, AQLQ, SNOT-22).</p> <p>Результаты. Из 116 пациентов регистра в 17,2% случаев произошла отмена, в 12,1% ― смена препарата. «Стопперы» реже страдали хроническим риносинуситом с полипами носа, имели более ранний дебют бронхиальной астмы. В группе «Переключённых» был выше уровень эозинофилов крови. В 45% случаев терапия была отменена по личным причинам пациентов. Основная причина переключения (92,8%) ― неэффективность терапии по тяжёлой бронхиальной астме и/или хроническому риносинуситу с полипами носа. Чаще переключали с омализумаба и бенрализумаба. Препаратом выбора при переключении был дупилумаб. Через 12 месяцев после переключения отмечалось улучшение показателей объёма форсированного выдоха за первую секунду (на 21,2%); тестов АСТ (на 86,4%), AQLQ (на 52,5%), SNOT-22 (на 48%); потребность в системных глюкокортикоидах снизилась до нуля. Стойкого контроля без и с учётом объёма форсированного выдоха за первую секунду достигли 62,5 и 50% пациентов соответственно.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Тщательный отбор пациентов на таргетную терапию позволяет минимизировать неудачи стартового препарата до 12,1%. Смена стартового генно-инженерного биологического препарата, направленного на блокирование только эозинофилов или только IgE, вследствие его неэффективности на препарат с двойным механизмом действия существенно улучшает результаты объёма форсированного выдоха за первую секунду, тестов АСТ, AQLQ и SNOT-22, а также снижает потребность в системных глюкокортикоидах.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>severe bronchial asthma</kwd><kwd>targeted therapy</kwd><kwd>genetically engineered biological drug switching</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тяжёлая бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>таргетная терапия</kwd><kwd>генно-инженерные биологические препараты переключения</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agache I, Akdis CA, Akdis M, et al. EAACI biologicals guidelines-recommendations for severe asthma. 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