Russian Journal of AllergyRussian Journal of AllergyРоссийский Аллергологический Журнал1810-88302686-682XPublishing House ABV Press158210.36691/RJA1582Systematic reviewsСистематические обзорыReview ArticleGenetic risk factors of food allergy: a review of genome-wide studiesГенетические факторы риска пищевой аллергии: обзор полногеномных исследованийhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3495-08323201-5750KutasUlyana V.КутасУльяна Вениаминовна
Russian Federation
uliaka007@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7130-96095285-4593FedorovaOlga S.ФедороваОльга Сергеевна
Russian Federation
fedorova.os@ssmu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1103-30738776-6006BraginaElena Yu.БрагинаЕлена Юрьевна
Russian Federation
elena.bragina72@gmail.comSiberian State Medical UniversityСибирский государственный медицинский университетTomsk National Research Medical Center, Research Institute of Medical GeneticsТомский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр, Научно-исследовательский институт медицинской генетики22122022051220221944945070911202212122022Copyright ©; 2022, Kutas U.V., Fedorova O.S., Bragina E.Y.Copyright ©; 2022, Кутас У.В., Федорова О.С., Брагина Е.Ю.2022Kutas U.V., Fedorova O.S., Bragina E.Y.Кутас У.В., Федорова О.С., Брагина Е.Ю.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/1582

BACKGROUND: Food allergy (FA) is an urgent problem for public health worldwide. This disease reduces the quality of life of patients and increases the risk of developing unpredictable anaphylactic reactions.

AIM: Conduct an analysis of genetic studies in cohorts of patients with FA aimed at assessing the role of genetic factors in the development of this pathology.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The results of genome-wide association studies aimed at studying the influence of genetic factors in FA development. The review includes original articles published for the period from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2021.

RESULTS: This systematic review analyzed data on the relationship of genetic variations associated with FA. Eight studies were analyzed, and the maximum effect with the development of IgE-mediated FA on peanuts was found for the rs10018666 variant of the SLC2A9 gene in Europeans. Some allergens associated with specific loci have been found, for example, variants rs9273440 (HLA-DQB1), rs115218289 (ITGA6), rs10018666 (SLC2A9), and others are unique to peanut. Associated variants are predominantly associated with disorders of the innate/adaptive immune response and functioning of the epithelial barrier, confirming their leading role in FA development. In addition to associations with FA, most of the identified genes affect the development of other “allergic march” phenotypes, including atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, and non-allergic (type 2 diabetes mellitus, Parkinson’s disease, myocardial infarction, and others) diseases.

CONCLUSIONS: Summarizing the results of genome-wide associative studies, it should be noted that the development of food allergies involves variants localized both in known atopic and newly identified loci that are not related to the development of other allergic diseases. The peculiarities of the structure of food sensitization and the lack of research on the susceptibility to food allergies in Russia determine the direction of further scientific research in this area.

Обоснование. Пищевая аллергия является актуальной проблемой для общественного здравоохранения во всём мире: заболевание снижает качество жизни пациентов, повышает риск развития непрогнозируемых анафилактических реакций.

Цель ― анализ генетических исследований в когортах пациентов с пищевой аллергией, направленных на оценку роли генетических факторов в развитии данной патологии.

Материалы и методы. Проведён анализ результатов полногеномных ассоциативных исследований по изучению влияния генетических факторов на развитие пищевой аллергии. В обзор включены оригинальные статьи, опубликованные в период с 01.01.2012 по 31.12.2021.

Результаты. Данный обзор позволил систематизировать данные о связи генетических вариаций, связанных с пищевой аллергией, в результате полногеномного скрининга. Из 8 анализируемых исследований максимальный эффект с развитием IgE-опосредованной пищевой аллергии на арахис установлен для варианта rs10018666 гена SLC2A9 у европейцев. Для некоторых аллергенов найдены ассоциации со специфическими локусами: например, варианты rs9273440 (HLA-DQB1), rs115218289 (ITGA6), rs10018666 (SLC2A9) и другие являются уникальными для арахиса. Ассоциированные варианты связаны преимущественно с нарушениями врождённого/адаптивного иммунного ответа и функционирования эпителиального барьера, подтверждая их ведущую роль в развитии пищевой аллергии. Помимо ассоциаций с пищевой аллергией, большинство идентифицированных генов влияют на развитие других фенотипов аллергического марша, включая атопический дерматит, атопическую бронхиальную астму, аллергический ринит, а также неаллергических заболеваний (сахарный диабет 2-го типа, болезнь Паркинсона, инфаркт миокарда и др.).

Заключение. Суммируя результаты полногеномных ассоциативных исследований, необходимо отметить, что в развитии пищевой аллергии участвуют варианты, локализованные как в известных для атопии, так и во вновь выявленных локусах, не имеющих отношение к развитию других аллергических заболеваний. Особенности структуры пищевой сенсибилизации и недостаточность исследований по вопросам подверженности пищевой аллергии в России определяют направление дальнейших научных исследований в этой области.

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