Russian Journal of AllergyRussian Journal of AllergyРоссийский Аллергологический Журнал1810-88302686-682XPublishing House ABV Press155110.36691/RJA1551ReviewsНаучные обзорыReview ArticleSmoking and respiratory allergic diseasesКурение и респираторные аллергические заболеванияhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4754-28622084-3575DevyatkovaElizaveta A.ДевятковаЕлизавета Андреевна
Russian Federation
lizadev94@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2573-91731825-4132MinaevaNataliia V.МинаеваНаталия Витальевна
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

д.м.н., профессор

docnvm@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5237-98637499-2948TarasovaMariya V.ТарасоваМария Васильевна
Russian Federation

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)

к.м.н.

mariya_v_tarasova@mail.ruPerm State Medical UniversityПермский государственный медицинский университет имени академика Е.А. ВагнераPerm Regional Clinical HospitalПермская краевая клиническая больница12092022081020221933783872805202218072022Copyright ©; 2022, Pharmarus Print MediaCopyright ©; 2022, Фармарус Принт Медиа2022Pharmarus Print MediaФармарус Принт Медиаhttps://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/1551

This review presents a modern view on the problem of the impact of smoking on allergic respiratory diseases. Smoking is known as a significant risk factor for asthma. Currently, studying the effect of smoking on allergic rhinitis and sensitization to allergens is of scientific interest. Tobacco smoke affects the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, contributing to a change in structure and dysfunction, and it can increase the activation of the Th2-immune response and the production of IgE when simultaneously exposed to allergens, which may contribute to the development of allergic diseases.

In recent years, electronic cigarette smoking has become especially popular. The aerosol components of electronic cigarettes are characterized by irritant properties and inhalation toxicity. Smoking electronic cigarettes, like smoking traditional cigarettes, can affect the immunity of the respiratory mucosa, including the functions of epithelial cells, macrophages, and neutrophils.

This article presents conflicting data on the effect of smoking on allergen sensitization. Tobacco smoke is a known trigger, and its exposure increases the risk of developing new cases of asthma in patients with allergic rhinitis. However, the influence of smoking on the development and clinical course of allergic pathology requires further study.

В обзоре представлен современный взгляд на проблему воздействия курения на аллергические заболевания дыхательных путей. Известно, что курение является значительным фактором риска бронхиальной астмы. В настоящее время представляет научный интерес изучение влияния курения на аллергический ринит и сенсибилизацию к аллергенам. Табачный дым оказывает воздействие на слизистые оболочки дыхательных путей, способствуя изменению структуры и нарушению функций, а при одновременном воздействии с аллергенами может усиливать активацию Th2-иммуного ответа, увеличивать выработку IgE, что, возможно, способствует развитию аллергических заболеваний.

В последние годы особенно популярным стало курение электронных сигарет. Компоненты аэрозоля электронных сигарет характеризуются раздражающими свойствами и ингаляционной токсичностью. Курение электронных сигарет, как и курение традиционных сигарет, может влиять на иммунитет слизистых оболочек дыхательных путей, включая функции эпителиальных клеток, макрофагов и нейтрофилов.

В статье представлены противоречивые данные о влиянии курения на сенсибилизацию к аллергенам. Табачный дым является известным триггером, и его воздействие повышает риск развития новых случаев бронхиальной астмы у пациентов с аллергическим ринитом. Влияние курения на развитие и течение аллергической патологии требует дальнейшего изучения.

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