Russian Journal of AllergyRussian Journal of AllergyРоссийский Аллергологический Журнал1810-88302686-682XPublishing House ABV Press153110.36691/RJA1531Systematic reviewsСистематические обзорыReview ArticlePrevalence and risk factors for food allergy in children: a review of epidemiological studiesРаспространённость и факторы риска пищевой аллергии у детей: обзор эпидемиологических исследованийhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0728-58251072-4300ProkopyevaValeriya D.ПрокопьеваВалерия Дмитриевна
Russian Federation

Assistant Lecturer

ассистент

valeriya.d.prokopyeva@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7655-79111488-8189FedotovaMarina M.ФедотоваМарина Михайловна
Russian Federation

MD, Assistant Professor

доцент

fedotova.letter@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3495-08322301-5750KonovalovaUliana V.КоноваловаУльяна Вениаминовна
Russian Federation

Assistant Lecturer

ассистент

uliaka007@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2050-34447595-5116DochkinVyacheslav A.ДочкинВячеслав Александрович
Russian Federation

MD

slavadochkin@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7130-96095285-4593FedorovaOlga S.ФедороваОльга Сергеевна
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

д.м.н., профессор

olga.sergeevna.fedorova@gmail.comSiberian State Medical UniversityСибирский государственный медицинский университет26052022060620221921751893003202216052022Copyright ©; 2022, Pharmarus Print MediaCopyright ©; 2022, Фармарус Принт Медиа2022Pharmarus Print MediaФармарус Принт Медиаhttps://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/1531

BACKGROUND: Food allergy is an actual problem in pediatric practice. In recent decades, there has been an increase in the prevalence of food allergies, as well as an increase in the number of severe cases.

AIM: To assess the prevalence of food allergy and the role of hereditary and environmental factors in food allergy development in children according to epidemiological cohorts and cross-sectional studies.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review of epidemiological cohorts and cross-sectional studies published between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2021, was conducted This review investigated the developmental factors and prevalence of food allergy.

RESULTS: This review made it possible to generalize and systematize the accumulated worldwide scientific data on food allergy. An analysis of epidemiological studies revealed a significant prevalence of food allergy, which reflected the natural course of the disease; the highest rates were found among young children, and by school age, the prevalence of symptoms and confirmed food allergy is gradually decreasing. Based on epidemiological data, the main risk factors for food allergy are hereditary predisposition and environmental factors that modify the microbial environment.

CONCLUSION: It is necessary to further study the genetic markers of food allergy, as well as the role of microbiotic factors in the implementation of hereditary predisposition to allergic diseases.

Обоснование. Пищевая аллергия ― актуальная проблема педиатрической практики. В последние десятилетия отмечены рост распространённости и увеличение числа тяжёлых случаев пищевой аллергии.

Цель ― оценить распространённость пищевой аллергии, а также изучить роль наследственных и внешнесредовых факторов в развитии пищевой аллергии у детей по данным эпидемиологических когортных и одномоментных исследований.

Материалы и методы. Проведён систематический обзор эпидемиологических когортных и одномоментных исследований по изучению факторов развития и распространённости пищевой аллергии, опубликованных в период с 1 января 2000 г. по 31 декабря 2021 г.

Результаты. Обзор позволил обобщить и систематизировать накопленные общемировые научные данные о пищевой аллергии. Анализ эпидемиологических исследований продемонстрировал значительную распространённость пищевой аллергии и отразил закономерности её естественного течения: наиболее высокие показатели отмечены среди детей раннего возраста, а к школьному возрасту распространённость симптомов и подтверждённой пищевой аллергии постепенно снижается. На основании эпидемиологических данных основными факторами риска пищевой аллергии являются наследственная предрасположенность и внешнесредовые факторы, модифицирующие микробное окружение.

Заключение. Необходимы дальнейшие исследования генетических маркеров пищевой аллергии и изучение роли микробиотических факторов в реализации наследственной предрасположенности к аллергическим заболеваниям.

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