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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский Аллергологический Журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1810-8830</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-682X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">15038</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36691/RJA15038</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Cationic peptides as promising compounds for the treatment of bacterial complications in atopic dermatitis: Antibacterial activity assessment</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Катионные пептиды как перспективные соединения для терапии бактериальных осложнений при атопическом дерматите: оценка антибактериальной активности</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4521-0813</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7329-0197</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Galkina</surname><given-names>Anastasia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галкина</surname><given-names>Анастасия Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>anastasia.a.galkina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2223-1514</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bolyakina</surname><given-names>Darya K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Болякина</surname><given-names>Дарья Константиновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>bolyakina.dasha@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3780-2878</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1988-1536</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shatilova</surname><given-names>Anastasia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шатилова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Витальевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>av.timofeeva@nrcii.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4675-8074</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6768-5796</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shatilov</surname><given-names>Artem A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шатилов</surname><given-names>Артем Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>aa.shatilov@nrcii.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5935-1647</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4621-0268</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Babikhina</surname><given-names>Marina O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабихина</surname><given-names>Марина Олеговна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mbabihina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9893-0270</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9954-3759</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Golomidova</surname><given-names>Alla K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голомидова</surname><given-names>Алла Константиновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>alla_golomidova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9610-0935</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1950-5594</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikonova</surname><given-names>Alexandra A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никонова</surname><given-names>Александра Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>aa.nikonova@nrcii.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8297-579X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2542-5260</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreev</surname><given-names>Sergey M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреев</surname><given-names>Сергей Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Chem.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. хим. наук</p></bio><email>andsergej@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1878-4467</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4129-7880</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudlay</surname><given-names>Dmitry A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудлай</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>D624254@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6444-6499</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7555-5925</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shershakova</surname><given-names>Nadezda N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шершакова</surname><given-names>Надежда Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>nn.shershakova@nrcii.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4961-9640</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3199-9803</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khaitov</surname><given-names>Musa R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хаитов</surname><given-names>Муса Рахимович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, чл.-корр. РАН</p></bio><email>mr.khaitov@nrcii.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Center ― Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный научный центр «Институт иммунологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр «Фундаментальные основы биотехнологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-12-21" publication-format="electronic"><day>21</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>387</fpage><lpage>401</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-07-28"><day>28</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-10-23"><day>23</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Pharmarus Print Media</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Фармарус Принт Медиа</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pharmarus Print Media</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фармарус Принт Медиа</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-02-02"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/15038">https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/15038</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>BACKGROUND:</italic></bold><italic> </italic>The decrease in the effectiveness of antibiotics against the background of resistance of microorganisms aggravates the therapy of atopic dermatitis complicated by bacterial infection and actualizes the development of new antimicrobial agents.</p> <p><bold><italic>AIM:</italic></bold><italic> </italic>To develop, synthesize, and evaluate the antibacterial activity of cationic peptides and an aqueous solution of fullerene C60 to create drugs based on them that will have a spectrum of biological activity, including anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, and antibacterial activities.</p> <p><bold><italic>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</italic></bold><italic> </italic>This study analyzed the developed linear and dendrimer cationic peptides, whose structure was confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry. An aqueous solution of fullerene C60 was obtained using a uniquely developed and patented technology. Antibacterial activity was assessed by diffusion into agar using disks (screening) and serial dilution, which was used to determine the minimum bactericidal concentration of the studied compounds.</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS</italic></bold><italic>: </italic>Moreover, 42 cationic peptides with various structures were developed and synthesized. The molecular weight of the peptides did not exceed 5,000 Da. They contained 7–25 amino acids with charges from +5 to +16. Screening was carried out through diffusion into agar using disks and revealed 15 peptides that showed activity against Escherichia coli Dh5a. Thus, using the method of counting colonies, the peptides AB-14, AB-17, and AB-18 showed bactericidal activity relative to E. coli Dh5a in concentrations of 0.03, 0.15, and 0.74 mM, respectively, which exceeded that of ampicillin (0.74 mM) several times. Analysis of an aqueous solution of fullerene C60 did not reveal its antibacterial activity.</p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSIONS</italic></bold><italic>: </italic>The antibacterial activity of the resulting peptides makes them promising for the development of antibacterial therapeutic agents.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Атопический дерматит в ряде случаев имеет тяжёлое хроническое персистирующее течение, что существенно влияет на качество жизни больных и ограничивает их работоспособность вплоть до инвалидизации. Снижение эффективности антибактериальных препаратов на фоне развития к ним резистентности микроорганизмов осложняет терапию атопического дерматита и актуализирует разработку новых противомикробных средств.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> — дизайн, синтез и оценка антибактериальной активности катионных пептидов и водного раствора фуллерена С60 для создания на их основе препаратов с биологической активностью, в том числе противовоспалительной, противоаллергической и антибактериальной.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Объектами исследования были разработанные линейные и дендримерные катионные пептиды, структуру которых подтверждали масс-спектрометрией (MALDI-TOF). Водный раствор фуллерена С60 получали по уникальной, разработанной ранее запатентованной технологии. Анализ антибактериальной активности проводили методом диффузии в агар с использованием дисков (скрининг), а также методом последовательных разведений, который использовался для определения минимальной бактерицидной концентрации исследуемых соединений.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> В рамках проведённых исследований разработано и синтезировано 42 катионных пептида, содержащих от 7 до 25 аминокислот с зарядами от +5 до +16, с молекулярной массой, не превышающей 5000 Да. Скрининг методом диффузии в агар с использованием дисков выявил 15 пептидов, показавших активность в отношении штамма <italic>Escherichia coli Dh5α</italic>. Методом подсчёта колоний показано, что пептиды АВ-14, АВ-17 и АВ-18 проявляли бактерицидную активность относительно бактериального штамма <italic>E. coli Dh5α </italic>в концентрациях 0,03, 0,15 и 0,74 ммоль/л соответственно, превышавшую таковую ампициллина (0,74 ммоль/л), который выступал в роли положительного контрольного препарата, в несколько раз. Анализ водного раствора фуллерена С60 не выявил у него наличия антибактериальной активности.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Получен ряд катионных пептидов, имеющих в своём составе гидрофобные и положительно заряженные аминокислоты. Наиболее активные пептиды (АВ-14 и АВ-17) имеют протяжённые амфифильные участки с α-спиральной структурой, а их высокая антибактериальная активность обусловливает перспективность дальнейших исследований для разработки на их основе антибактериальных терапевтических средств.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>antimicrobial cationic peptides</kwd><kwd>antibacterial agents</kwd><kwd>fullerene C60</kwd><kwd>atopic dermatitis</kwd><kwd>bacterial infections</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>катионные антимикробные пептиды</kwd><kwd>антибактериальные агенты</kwd><kwd>фуллерен С60</kwd><kwd>атопический дерматит</kwd><kwd>бактериальные инфекции</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the Federal Medical-Biological Agency (the subsidy for the state task "Fullerene-21").</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование и публикация статьи осуществлены при поддержке Федерального медико-биологического агентства (субсидия на выполнение государственного задания «Фуллерен-21»).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clinical guidelines "Atopic dermatitis". 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