Russian Journal of AllergyRussian Journal of AllergyРоссийский Аллергологический Журнал1810-88302686-682XPublishing House ABV Press150010.36691/RJA1500Clinical practice guidelinesКлинические рекомендацииResearch ArticleAsthmaБронхиальная астмаhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6808-55287742-2054ChuchalinAleksandr G.ЧучалинАлександр Григорьевич
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences

д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН

pulmo_fmba@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5999-21501645-5524AvdeevSergey N.АвдеевСергей Николаевич
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Corresponding Member of Russian Academy of Sciences

д.м.н., профессор, член-корреспондент РАН

serg_avdeev@list.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4044-674X2723-6685AisanovZaurbek R.АйсановЗаурбек Рамазанович
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

д.м.н., профессор

aisanov@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6050-724X7313-8885BelevskiyAndrey S.БелевскийАндрей Станиславович
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

д.м.н., профессор

pulmobas@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7489-30896907-1314VasilyevaOlga S.ВасильеваОльга Сергеевна
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

д.м.н., профессор

ovasil@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0547-36869916-0204GeppeNatalya A.ГеппеНаталия Анатольевна
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

д.м.н., профессор

geppe@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0877-65543582-5784IgnatovaGalina L.ИгнатоваГалина Львовна
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

д.м.н., профессор

iglign@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1562-63861138-2975KniajeskaiaNadezhda P.КняжескаяНадежда Павловна
Russian Federation

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor

к.м.н., доцент

kniajeskaia@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2686-82841749-0503MalakhovAleksandr B.МалаховАлександр Борисович
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

д.м.н., профессор

alexis4591m@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1757-41371148-8334MeshcheryakovaNatalya N.МещеряковаНаталья Николаевна
Russian Federation

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor

к.м.н., доцент

m_natalia1967@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3162-25103363-6170NenashevaNatalia M.НенашеваНаталья Михайловна
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

д.м.н., профессор

1444031@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9322-26891748-7760FassakhovRustem S.ФассаховРустэм Салахович
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

д.м.н., профессор

farrus@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1829-04244004-6561KhaitovRakhim M.ХаитовРахим Мусаевич
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences

д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН

rm.khaitov@nrcii.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3556-969X6715-5650IlinaNatalya I.ИльинаНаталья Ивановна
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

д.м.н., профессор

nstimmun@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3250-06945698-6436KurbachevaOksana M.КурбачеваОксана Михайловна
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

д.м.н., профессор

kurbacheva@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7691-45849941-7013AstafyevaNatalia G.АстафьеваНаталья Григорьевна
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

д.м.н., профессор

astang@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8982-52926520-3233DemkoIrina V.ДемкоИрина Владимировна
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

д.м.н., профессор

demko64@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5083-66373023-4538FominaDaria S.ФоминаДарья Сергеевна
Russian Federation

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor

к.м.н., доцент

daria_fomina@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2209-75311312-2147Namazova-BaranovaLeyla S.Намазова-БарановаЛейла Сеймуровна
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences

д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН

leyla.s.namazova@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3987-81123570-1806BaranovAlexander A.БарановАлександр Александрович
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences

д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН

baranov@pediatr-russia.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7398-05621109-2810VishnevaElena A.ВишневаЕлена Александровна
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med)

д.м.н.

vishneva.e@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7571-54606289-0209NovikGennadiy A.НовикГеннадий Айзикович
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

д.м.н., профессор

ga_novik@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8939-56801112-2317BobkovAlexander P.БобковАлександр Петрович
Russian Federation
eye93@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1604-34464851-0402FrancuzevicaLaine Ya.ФранцузевичЛайне Яновна
Russian Federation
frantsuzevitch@mail.ruPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityРоссийский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. ПироговаFirst Sechenov Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)Pulmonology Scientific Research Institute under Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russian FederationНаучно-исследовательский институт пульмонологии Федерального медико-биологического агентстваSouth-Ural State Medical UniversityЮжно-Уральский государственный медицинский университетRussian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional EducationРоссийская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образованияKazan Federal UniversityКазанский (Приволжский) федеральный университетNational Research Center ― Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of RussiaГосударственный научный центр «Институт иммунологии» Федерального медико-биологического агентстваSaratov State Medical University named after V.I. RazumovskyСаратовский государственный медицинский университет имени В.И. РазумовскогоProfessor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical UniversityКрасноярский государственный медицинский университет имени профессора В.Ф. Войно-ЯсенецкогоСlinical State Hospital No. 52,Городская больница № 52Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health of Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of SciencesНаучно-исследовательский институт педиатрии и охраны здоровья детей ЦКБ РАНSaint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical UniversityСанкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университетLomonosov Moscow State UniversityМосковский государственный университет имени М.В. ЛомоносоваResearch Institute of Rheumatogy named after V.A. NasonovaНаучно-исследовательский институт ревматологии имени В.А. Насоновой2012202114122021184401062211202124112021Copyright ©; 2021, Pharmarus Print MediaCopyright ©; 2021, Фармарус Принт Медиа2021Pharmarus Print MediaФармарус Принт Медиаhttps://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/1500

Asthma is one of the most common respiratory tract diseases (approximately 7% of adults and 10% of adolescents and children suffer from asthma in the Russian Federation). The occurrence frequency of asthma does not depend on sex or age in the population. The number of patients with asthma worldwide increased annually. The majority of patients with asthma respond well to conventional therapies and successful disease control, but 20%–30% of patients have severe phenotypes of asthma resisting known medicines, therefore they rarely achieve asthma control. Patients with severe asthma frequently need hospitalizations (up to 30%) and intensive care (4%–7%).

The clinical asthma guideline aimed to optimize patient care, up-to-date information about the epidemiology, and disease etiology and pathogenesis. Herein, presented the actual data about asthma classification, its clinical signs, modern diagnostics (clinical, laboratory, and instrumental), and differential diagnostics of asthma. Studies reported asthma treatment, rehabilitation, and prevention in the guideline. The authors describe in detail the existing healthcare options for patients with asthma, diasgnostics features, and care in partial groups of population (adolescents, pregnant or nursing women, and persons with occupational, exercise-induced, or severe phenotype asthma).

The clinical guidelines are recommended for medical doctors (independently from qualification), under- and postgraduate students, universities tutors, residents, and researchers.

Бронхиальная астма ― одно из наиболее распространённых заболеваний дыхательных путей (около 7% взрослых и 10% подростков и детей страдают бронхиальной астмой в Российской Федерации), встречающихся в популяции независимо от пола и возраста. Актуальность проблемы связана с увеличением количества больных. Несмотря на то что большинство пациентов, страдающих бронхиальной астмой, хорошо отвечают на традиционную терапию, достигая контроля заболевания, существенная часть (20–30%) больных имеет трудные для терапии фенотипы, которые связаны с высокой частотой госпитализаций (до 30%) и потребностью в интенсивной терапии (4–7%).

Представленные клинические рекомендации содержат актуальную информацию по эпидемиологии, этиологии и патогенезу заболевания; в них раскрыты особенности классификации, клинической картины и течения, современные методы клинической, лабораторной и инструментальной диагностики, а также подходы к дифференциальному диагнозу бронхиальной астмы. Описаны методы лечения, медицинской реабилитации и профилактики. Изложены порядок оказания медицинской помощи и особенности течения у разных групп больных (подростки; беременные; кормящие; профессиональная бронхиальная астма; бронхиальная астма физического усилия, трудная для контроля).

Клинические рекомендации, целью которых является оптимизация помощи больным, предназначены для практикующих врачей всех специальностей, студентов, преподавателей медицинских вузов, ординаторов, аспирантов и научных работников.

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