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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский Аллергологический Журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1810-8830</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-682X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1497</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36691/RJA1497</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Pharmacoeconomic analysis of bronchial asthma prophylaxis in adults and children with allergic rhinitis by means of sublingual allergen-specific immunotherapy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оценка клинико-экономической эффективности профилактического назначения сублингвальной аллергенспецифической иммунотерапии у взрослых и детей с аллергическим ринитом с целью предотвращения развития бронхиальной астмы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7452-6940</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6391-6847</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lemeshko</surname><given-names>Valeriya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лемешко</surname><given-names>Валерия Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>lera.lemeschko@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7967-5112</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7419-7690</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ratushnyak</surname><given-names>Svetlana S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ратушняк</surname><given-names>Светлана Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>svetlanarshk@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4586-2451</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4274-4456</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorkavenko</surname><given-names>Filipp V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горкавенко</surname><given-names>Филипп Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>fill-gor@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0380-6205</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4788-7407</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nazarova</surname><given-names>Evgeniya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Назарова</surname><given-names>Евгения Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>evallergo@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3556-969X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6715-5650</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilina</surname><given-names>Natalia I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильина</surname><given-names>Наталья Ивановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>instimmun@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1581-0703</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1776-4270</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Omelyanovskiy</surname><given-names>Vitaly V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Омельяновский</surname><given-names>Виталий Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>vvo@rosmedex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Center for Healthcare Quality Assessment and Control</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центр экспертизы и контроля качества медицинской помощи</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Center-Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный научный центр «Институт иммунологии» Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal state budgetary institution Scientific and research financial institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский финансовый институт</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2021-12-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-12-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>17</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-11-12"><day>12</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-12-20"><day>20</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Pharmarus Print Media</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Фармарус Принт Медиа</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pharmarus Print Media</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фармарус Принт Медиа</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2024-01-14"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/1497">https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/1497</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND: </bold>Allergic rhinitis is the most common chronic allergic disease worldwide, and bronchial asthma (BA) is one of the most severe complications of allergic rhinitis. Clinical studies reported that sublingual allergen-specific immunotherapy can reduce the incidence of bronchial asthma in children and adults. However, allergen-specific immunotherapy is rather expensive and is not reimbursed by the state, which transfers the cost of this therapy to patients.</p> <p><bold>AIMS:</bold> To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of allergen-specific immunotherapy in children and adults with allergic rhinitis and/or allergic rhinoconjunctivitis</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</bold> The study hypothesized based on study results by Devillier P. et al. in 2019, to which the incidence of asthma was 13.7% and 17.0% in the sublingual allergen-specific immunotherapy + symptomatic therapy and the symptomatic therapy group, respectively (odds ratio: 0.776, 95% confidence interval [0.622; 0.968]). Pharmacoeconomic study based on decision tree model. Costs taken into account are the following: allergen-specific immunotherapy, symptomatic therapy, diagnostics, and routine follow-up visits due to bronchial asthma, outpatient bronchial asthma drug therapy, and hospitalization due to bronchial asthma. The modeling horizon was 5 years, including 2 years of allergen-specific immunotherapy therapy and 3 years of follow-up.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> The cost per patient when using allergen-specific immunotherapy in combination with symptomatic therapy was 166,711.93 rubles, whereas with symptomatic therapy was 101,700.35 rubles. The cost-effectiveness ratio for allergen-specific immunotherapy in combination with symptomatic therapy was 193,177.20 rubles per 1 prevented case of asthma, whereas 122,530.55 rubles for symptomatic therapy for 1 prevented case of bronchial asthma. Thus, the cost of 1 averted bronchial asthma case when using allergen-specific immunotherapy in combination with symptomatic therapy is 57.7% higher than with symptomatic therapy. The cost-benefit analysis result revealed that the incremental cost-utility ratio for an additional year of life adjusted for its quality when performing sublingual allergen-specific immunotherapy in combination with symptomatic therapy compared with symptomatic therapy alone in children and adults was 567,365.48 rubles, which is less than the calculated willingness to pay threshold (RUB 2,248,898.50).</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSIONS: </bold>The comparison results of the cost of 1 added quality adjusted life years and willingness to pay threshold concluded that sublingual allergen-specific immunotherapy in combination with symptomatic therapy compared to symptomatic therapy alone is potentially cost-effective in children and adults with allergic rhinitis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>ОБОСНОВАНИЕ. </bold>Аллергический ринит является самым распространённым хроническим аллергическим заболеванием во всём мире, а бронхиальная астма ― одним из самых тяжёлых осложнений аллергического ринита. Применение сублингвальной аллергенспецифической иммунотерапии, по данным клинических исследований, позволяет снизить частоту развития бронхиальной астмы у детей и взрослых, однако является достаточно дорогостоящим методом лечения и не возмещается за счёт государства.</p> <p><bold>ЦЕЛЬ</bold> ― оценка затратной эффективности сублингвальной аллергенспецифической иммунотерапии у детей и взрослых пациентов с аллергическим ринитом и/или аллергическим риноконъюнктивитом.</p> <p><bold>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ.</bold> Гипотеза исследования обоснована результатами работы P. Devillier и соавт. (2019), согласно которой частота развития бронхиальной астмы составляла 13,7 и 17,0% в группах комбинированной сублингвальной аллергенспецифической иммунотерапии/симптоматической терапии и симптоматической терапии в монорежиме (отношение шансов 0,776; 95% доверительный интервал 0,622; 0,968). Моделирование результатов выполнено с использованием модели древа решений. Перечень учтённых затрат: на сублингвальную аллергенспецифическую иммунотерапию, симптоматическую терапию; диагностику и плановые посещения врачей по причине бронхиальной астмы; амбулаторную лекарственную терапию бронхиальной астмы; госпитализации в связи с бронхиальной астмой. Горизонт моделирования составил 5 лет, включая 2 года сублингвальной аллергенспецифической иммунотерапии и 3 года наблюдения.</p> <p><bold>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ.</bold> Затраты на одного пациента при применении сублингвальной аллергенспецифической иммунотерапии в комбинации с симптоматической терапией составили 166 711,93 руб., при симптоматической терапии ― 101 700,35 руб. Показатель «затраты-эффективность» (cost-effectiveness ratio) для сублингвальной аллергенспецифической иммунотерапии в комбинации с симптоматической терапией составил 193 177,20 руб. на 1 предотвращённый случай бронхиальной астмы, для симптоматической терапии ― 122 530,55 руб. Таким образом, стоимость 1 предотвращённого случая бронхиальной астмы при применении сублингвальной аллергенспецифической иммунотерапии в комбинации с симптоматической терапией на 57,7% больше, чем при симптоматической терапии в монорежиме. По результатам инкрементального анализа, показатель стоимости «затраты-полезность» (incremental cost-utility ratio) за дополнительный год жизни с поправкой на её качество (quality adjusted life years) при проведении сублингвальной аллергенспецифической иммунотерапии в комбинации с симптоматической терапией по сравнению с симптоматической терапией в монорежиме у детей и взрослых составил 567 365,48 руб., что меньше значения рассчитанного порога готовности платить (2 248 898,50 руб.).</p> <p><bold>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. </bold>По результатам сравнения стоимости 1 добавленного года жизни с поправкой на её качество с порогом готовности платить можно сделать вывод, что сублингвальная аллергенспецифическая иммунотерапия в комбинации с симптоматической терапией по сравнению только с симптоматической терапией потенциально является экономически эффективной у детей и взрослых с аллергическим ринитом.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>economics</kwd><kwd>pharmaceutical</kwd><kwd>costs and cost analysis</kwd><kwd>cost-benefit analysis/methods</kwd><kwd>sublingual immunotherapy</kwd><kwd>asthma/therapy</kwd><kwd>rhinitis</kwd><kwd>allergic</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>клинико-экономический анализ</kwd><kwd>затраты-эффективность</kwd><kwd>затраты-полезность</kwd><kwd>сублингвальная аллергенспецифическая терапия</kwd><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>аллергический ринит</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The Russian Association of Allergologists and Clinical Immunologists, the National Medical Association of Otorhinolaryngologists, the Union of Pediatricians of Russia. 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