Russian Journal of AllergyRussian Journal of AllergyРоссийский Аллергологический Журнал1810-88302686-682XPublishing House ABV Press143810.36691/RJA1438ReviewsНаучные обзорыReview ArticleDevelopmental adaptations of neonatal neutrophils (review)Особенности онтогенетической адаптации нейтрофилов новорожденного (обзор литературы)https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8973-78909048-2290MukhinVladimir E.МухинВладимир Евгеньевич
Russian Federation
muhinvldmr@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1339-4155PankratyevaLiudmila L.ПанкратьеваЛюдмила Леонидовна
Russian Federation

MD, PhD, Professor of the Department of Pediatrics and Health Organization

доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры педиатрии и организации здравоохранения

liudmila.pankratyeva@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0952-28017411-6674YartsevMikhail N.ЯрцевМихаил Николаевич
Russian Federation

MD, PhD, Leader Researcher of the Department of Immunopathology of Children

доктор медицинских наук, вед. науч. сотр. отделения иммунопатологии детей

m_yartsev@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2667-82291899-7484VolodinNikolay N.ВолодинНиколай Николаевич
Russian Federation

Acad. of RAS, MD, PhD, Professor, Professor of the Department of Pediatrics and Health Organization

академик РАН, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, профессор кафедры педиатрии и организации здравоохранения

0209nnv@mail.ruCentre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health RisksЦентр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровьюDmitry Rogachev NMRC PHOI of the MOH of RussiaНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Д. Рогачева Минздрава РоссииNRC – Institute of Immunology, FMBA of RussiaФГБУ Государственный научный центр «Институт иммунологии» Федерального медико-биологического агентства РоссииNMRC PHOI of the MOH of RussiaНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева Минздрава Росси020620212606202118255650304202125052021Copyright ©; 2021, Pharmarus Print MediaCopyright ©; 2021, Фармарус Принт Медиа2021Pharmarus Print MediaФармарус Принт Медиаhttps://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/1438

Neutrophils are crucial components of the innate immunity. Differences exist in the physiological, phenotypic, and functional characteristics between neonatal and adult neutrophils. The severity of these changes is inversely proportional to gestational age, which indicates the dynamic development of these cells throughout pregnancy. Therefore, functional insufficiency of neonatal neutrophils is associated with an extremely high risk of developing neonatal infections and sepsis in infants born premature. Neonatal neutrophils are adapted to conditions that prevent unwanted triggering of proinflammatory factors. In addition, suppression of neutrophil functions is necessary to create a healthy microbiome in the postpartum period; however, it can be inhibit the development of a response to pathogenic organisms. Mechanisms underlying the normal transition of functionally limited neutrophils, capable of fully resisting pathogenic microorganisms, have not been established. This review presents features of neutrophil ontogenetic adaptation to intrauterine conditions and early neonatal period and their potential role in neonatal pathology.

Нейтрофилы являются важным компонентом системы врождённого иммунитета. Так как существуют значительные различия между физиологией плода и взрослого человека, фенотипические и функциональные характеристики нейтрофильных гранулоцитов новорождённых могут иметь жизненно важное значение. Выраженность этих изменений обратно пропорциональна гестационному возрасту, что свидетельствует о динамическом развитии этих клеток в течение всей беременности. Именно поэтому нельзя исключать, что в том числе с функциональной недостаточностью нейтрофилов недоношенных новорождённых связан крайне высокий риск развития неонатальных инфекций и сепсиса.

Неонатальные нейтрофилы адаптированы к внутриутробным условиям, что позволяет избегать нежелательного запуска провоспалительных реакций. Кроме того, подавление функции нейтрофилов необходимо для создания здорового микробиома в послеродовом периоде, однако может одновременно являться препятствием для развития достаточного ответа при воздействии патогенных организмов. До настоящего времени не установлены конкретные механизмы, лежащие в основе нормального перехода функционально ограниченных нейтрофилов плода в полноценное звено иммунологической защиты, способное противостоять патогенным микроорганизмам. Разрешение данного вопроса имеет особенное значение для недоношенных новорождённых.

В обзоре рассматриваются особенности онтогенетической адаптации нейтрофилов к внутриутробным условиям и раннему неонатальному периоду, а также их возможная роль в развитии патологии новорождённых.

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