Russian Journal of AllergyRussian Journal of Allergy1810-88302686-682XFarmarus Print Media139810.36691/RJA1398Research ArticleModern ideas about mechanisms of allergen-specific immunotherapyPetrovaStanislava Yu.<p>Senior researcher of the Laboratory of Allergens, MD</p>petrovastanislava@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3034-0148KhlgatianSvetlana V.<p>Leading researcher of the Laboratory of Allergens, Doctor of Biological Sciences</p>svetkh@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8354-7682BerzhetsValentina М.<p>Head of the Laboratory of Allergens, professor</p>laball@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5055-7593PetrovaNina S.<p>Leading researcher of the Laboratory of Allergens, , Сandidate of Biological Sciences</p>s.levina2005@yandex.ruRadikovaOlga V.<p>Research fellow of the Laboratory of Allergens, MD</p>radikova@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9710-6968Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera2912202017438451509202005112020Copyright © 2021, Pharmarus Print Media2021<p>Reviews of domestic and foreign authors consider different approaches to understanding the formation of immunological and clinical tolerance induced by allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT). Despite the wide variety of theoretical research, the mechanism of the bodys immune systems response to ASIT remains unclear.</p>
<p>The aim of this review is to analyze the current understanding of the mechanisms of formation of changes in the bodys reactivity in response to an allergen after ASIT. It is known that the type of response to the antigen is determined by its dose. In low-dose ASIT tolerance to the antigen is formed in the absence of inflammation, which is apparently associated with the activation of specific high-affinity receptors on cells of the immune system. High doses of allergen in ASIT probably lead to a rearrangement of cellular receptors, causing a decrease in their number by internalization or a weakening of their sensitivity to an excessive signal (desensitization). Due to a decrease in the number of receptors and / or their loss of sensitivity, the response to the antigen changes according to the principle of negative regulation, implemented at the level of receptor or postreceptor mechanisms. The formation of an anti-inflammatory cytokine response to antigen contributes to the differentiation of naive T cells into inducible regulatory T cells (iTreg). The suppressing effect of Treg on immune system cells affects Th effector cells, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, B cells, and dendritic cells.</p>
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