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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский Аллергологический Журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1810-8830</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-682X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1391</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36691/RJA1391</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Oral food challenges in clinical practice: a missing element of food allergy diagnosis in Russia</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Провокационные пробы в клинической практике: недостающее звено в диагностике пищевой аллергии в России</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6322-7294</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8112-4185</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Levina</surname><given-names>Daria M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левина</surname><given-names>Дарья Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Specialist Trainee in Pediatrics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>клинический ординатор</p></bio><email>LevinaDasha95@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Korsunskiy</surname><given-names>Ilya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корсунский</surname><given-names>Илья Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of Allergy and Immunology Department, MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующий центром аллергологии и иммунологии, доктор медицинских наук</p></bio><email>iliakors@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9652-6856</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Munblit</surname><given-names>Daniel B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мунблит</surname><given-names>Даниил Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="GB">United Kingdom</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Honorary Senior Lecturer. Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart &amp; Lung Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>PhD, доцент</p></bio><email>daniel.munblit08@imperial.ac.uk</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Speranskiy Children’s Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГКБ № 9 им. Г.Н. Сперанского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Imperial College London</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный Институт Сердца и Легких, Имперский Колледж Лондона</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>19</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-08-25"><day>25</day><month>08</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-11-18"><day>18</day><month>11</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Pharmarus Print Media</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Фармарус Принт Медиа</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pharmarus Print Media</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фармарус Принт Медиа</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2023-01-29"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/1391">https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/1391</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Food allergy is one of the most prevalent allergic conditions, causing reduction in patient quality of life. It is linked with high levels of anxiety due to potential life-threatening reactions, and high economic burden for a healthcare system. Food allergy affects approximately 5 to 10% of children around the world. In Russian Federation the diagnosis of food allergy is primarily based on clinical history, laboratory test results, examination and elimination of suspected food. Meanwhile oral food challenge (OFC) is considered a “gold standard” of food allergy diagnosis by most of professional bodies nationally and internationally. OFC is a diagnostic procedure involving administration of a causative allergen in gradually increasing amount under a close medical supervision. The method is safe, highly specific and sensitive and is widely used around the world for more than 45 years. The main goals of OFC include food allergy diagnosis and presence of tolerance evaluation, which may result in diet expansion. OFC may also help establishing both, reaction severity and dose needed to elicit reaction, which may further assist with alleviation of patients’ anxiety. In this paper we discuss existing approaches to the diagnosis of food allergy in Russian Federation and review available recommendations on OFC outlined in international guidelines.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Пищевая аллергия – заболевание, оказывающее негативное влияние на качество жизни миллионов человек, представляющее огромное физическое и экономическое бремя как для пациента и его семьи, так и для государства. Распространенность пищевой аллергии среди детского населения составляет в среднем от 5 до 10%. Основным методом диагностики пищевой аллергии в Российской Федерации является тщательный анализ данных анамнеза, клинической картины и результатов лабораторных исследований, а универсальным методом подтверждения диагноза — диагностическая элиминационная диета, в то время как «золотым стандартом» диагностики в протоколах зарубежных профессиональных сообществ — проведение провокационных проб. Данный метод заключается в употреблении в пищу подозреваемого продукта в возрастающем количестве под контролем медицинского персонала. При четком следовании протоколу проведения он является безопасным и благодаря своей высокой диагностической значимости широко используется во многих странах мира более 45 лет. Проведение провокационных проб может быть использовано с целью расширения диеты пациента с подтвержденной пищевой аллергией, а возможность оценить точную дозу аллергена, необходимую для возникновения реакции, вместе с употреблением продукта под контролем медицинского персонала снижает уровень тревожности как самого пациента, так и его семьи. Таким образом, провокационные пробы являются достоверным, безопасным, широко применяемым методом диагностики пищевой аллергии. В данном литературном обзоре обсуждаются недостатки рутинных методов диагностики [проведения кожных проб, определения аллергенспецифического IgE (allergen-specific IgE – asIgE)], а также проводится сравнение методик выполнения провокационных проб в разных странах мира, подходов к их использованию, расчету дозы аллергена и интерпретации результатов провокационной пробы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>oral food challenge</kwd><kwd>food allergy</kwd><kwd>egg</kwd><kwd>milk</kwd><kwd>peanut</kwd><kwd>allergy diagnosis</kwd><kwd>quality of life</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>провокационные пробы</kwd><kwd>пищевая аллергия</kwd><kwd>аллергология</kwd><kwd>белок коровьего молока</kwd><kwd>яйцо</kwd><kwd>арахис</kwd><kwd>диагностика аллергии</kwd><kwd>качество жизни</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dunn Galvin A, Blumchen K, Timmermans F, et al. 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