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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский Аллергологический Журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1810-8830</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-682X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1389</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36691/RJA1389</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Molecular allergodiagnostics capabilities in determining the indications for allergen-specific immunotherapy with house dust mites allergen and its effectiveness in atopic dermatitis patients</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Возможности молекулярной аллергодиагностики в определении показаний к аллерген-специфической иммунотерапии аллергеном клещей домашней пыли и ее эффективность у больных атопическим дерматитом</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8254-9715</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shtyrbul</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Штырбул</surname><given-names>Ольга Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>allergologist – immunologist of Skin Allergy and Immunopathology Department, NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач отделения аллергологии и иммунопатологии кожи, ФГБУ «ГНЦ Институт иммунологии» ФМБА России</p></bio><email>ovs-495@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0429-3117</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dvornikov</surname><given-names>Anton S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дворников</surname><given-names>Антон Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>ead of the Department of Dermatovenereology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>зав. кафедрой дерматовенерологии лечебного факультета, ФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России, д.м.н.</p></bio><email>dvornikov_as@rsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4961-9640</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khaitov</surname><given-names>Musa R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хаитов</surname><given-names>Муса Рахимович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>director of NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, MD, PhD, professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>директор ФГБУ «ГНЦ Институт иммунологии» ФМБА России, д.м.н., профессор, член-корр. РАН</p></bio><email>mr.khaitov@nrcii.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4609-2591</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Elisyutina</surname><given-names>Olga G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Елисютина</surname><given-names>Ольга Гурьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>leading researcher of Skin Allergy and Immunopathology Department, NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>в.н.с. отделения аллергологии и иммунопатологии кожи, ФГБУ «ГНЦ Институт иммунологии» ФМБА России, д.м.н.</p></bio><email>el-olga@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3358-5087</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedenko</surname><given-names>Elena S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Феденко</surname><given-names>Елена Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>head of Skin Allergy and Immunopathology Department, NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, MD, PhD, professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>зав. отделением аллергологии и иммунопатологии кожи, ФГБУ «ГНЦ Институт иммунологии» ФМБА России, д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>efedks@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">NRCI Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГНЦ Институт иммунологии ФМБА России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-10-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>82</fpage><lpage>92</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-08-14"><day>14</day><month>08</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-09-02"><day>02</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Pharmarus Print Media</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Фармарус Принт Медиа</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pharmarus Print Media</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фармарус Принт Медиа</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2022-10-29"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/1389">https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/1389</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a widespread chronic inflammatory skin disease, in the development of which complex genetic and immune mechanisms, environmental factors, allergens, are involved. An effective method of treating IgE­-mediated allergic diseases is allergen-­specific immunotherapy (ASIT), which affects all pathogenetically significant links of the allergic process. It is known that as a result of ASIT tissue sensitivity to an allergen, nonspecific tissue hyperreactivity and the intensity of allergic inflammation decrease, which testifies to the rearrangement of the cellular response from Th2 to Th1 with a corresponding change in the cytokine profile. Currently, dozens of scientific papers on the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous and sublingual ASIT in AD have been published; however, the question of the advisability of its appointment still remains unresolved.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold><bold> </bold>To investigate the ASIT with house dust mite (HDM) allergens efficacy in AD patients, considering the results of molecular allergy diagnosis.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</bold> The study was conducted as a prospective comparative open study, including 32 patients with AD (20 children and 12 adults), 90.6% were diagnosed with concomitant respiratory allergic diseases. Molecular allergodiagnostics was performed using microchip technology with purified natural or recombinant allergen components immobilized in the solid phase (Immuno­-Solid phase Allergen Chip, ISAC) to quantify allergen-­specific IgE (asIgE) against 112 allergen molecules from 51 allergen sources in one study (ImmunoCAP ISAC (Thermofisher, Phadia, Uppsala, Sweden). Patients were divided into two groups depending on the profile of molecular sensitization: with the presence or absence of asIgE to the major allergens of <italic>D. farinae</italic> and/or <italic>D. pteronyssinus</italic> Der p 1 (p 2) and/or Der f 1 (f 2). All patients passed three consecutive courses of subcutaneous ASIT with water­-salted HDM allergens produced by I.I. Mechnikov Biomed (Russia) under an accelerated scheme for 3 years. To assess the severity of the disease, the SCORAD indices, the Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA), and the dermatological quality of life index (DLQI) were used.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> Patients with sensitization to major allergens of <italic>D. farinae</italic> and/or <italic>D. pteronyssinus</italic> Der p 1 (f 1) and/or Der p 2 (f 2) more often achieved a significant improvement of AD symptoms according to the SCORAD index (OR 3.929, 95% CI: 0.879; 17.56), as well as they more often achieved IGA values of 1 or 0 after three courses of ASIT (OR 3.556, CI 95% 0.730–17.324) and more often assessed the effectiveness of ASIT as excellent and good in comparison with patients without sensitization to these components. The median and interquartile range of the DLQI index before treatment in group 1 was 17 [14; 20] points, in group 2 – 14 [12; 18], after the 3<sup>rd</sup> course of ASIT: 6 [2; 10] and 8 [3; 10] points in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Adverse events were rare, their frequency did not significantly differ in both groups.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> ASIT with HDM allergens is an effective and safe method of treatment of AD patients. Determination of the molecular spectrum of sensitization to HDM allergens components allows to justify the indications and predict the effectiveness of ASIT.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>ОБОСНОВАНИЕ:</bold> Атопический дерматит (АтД) – широко распространенное хроническое воспалительное заболевание кожи, в развитии которого принимают участие сложные генетические и иммунные механизмы, факторы окружающей среды, в первую очередь аллергены. Эффективным методом лечения IgE-опосредованных аллергических заболеваний является аллерген-специфическая иммунотерапия (АСИТ), которая воздействует на все патогенетически значимые звенья аллергического процесса. Известно, что в результате АСИТ формируется снижение тканевой чувствительности к аллергену, снижается неспецифическая тканевая гиперреактивность, уменьшается интенсивность аллергического воспаления, что свидетельствует в пользу перестройки клеточного ответа с Th2- на Th1-ответ с соответствующим изменением цитокинового профиля. В настоящее время опубликованы десятки научных работ, посвященных изучению эффективности и безопасности подкожной и сублингвальной АСИТ при АтД; вместе с тем вопрос о целесообразности ее назначения до сих пор остается нерешенным.</p> <p><bold>ЦЕЛЬ:</bold> Оценить эффективность аллерген-специфической иммунотерапии (АСИТ) аллергенами клещей домашней пыли (КДП), назначенной больным атопическим дерматитом (АтД) с учетом результатов молекулярной аллергодиагностики.</p> <p><bold>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ:</bold> Исследование проведено как проспективное сравнительное открытое, включены 32 пациента с АтД (20 детей и 12 взрослых), у 90,6% диагностированы сопутствующие респираторные аллергические заболевания. Молекулярная аллергодиагностика выполнена с применением технологии микрочипов с иммобилизированными на твердой фазе очищенными природными или рекомбинантными компонентами аллергенов (Immuno-Solid phase Allergen Chip, ISAC) для количественного определения аллерген-специфических IgE (asIgE) против 112 аллергенных молекул из 51 источника аллергенов в одном исследовании [ImmunoCAP ISAC (Thermofisher, Phadia, Uppsala, Швеция)]. Пациенты были разделены на две группы в зависимости от профиля молекулярной сенсибилизации: с наличием или отсутствием asIgE к мажорным аллергенам КДП <italic>D. farinae</italic> и/или <italic>D. pteronyssinus</italic> Der p 1 (p 2) и/или Der f 1 (f 2). Для проведения АСИТ использовали водно-солевые аллергены <italic>Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus</italic>, <italic>Dermatophagoides farinae</italic> производства ОАО «Биомед» им. И.И. Мечникова (Россия). Всем пациентам проведено три последовательных курса АСИТ аллергенами клещей домашней пыли по ускоренной схеме в течение 3 лет. Для оценки тяжести течения заболевания были использованы индексы SCORAD, исследовательская глобальная оценка (Investigator’s Global Assessment – IGA), дерматологический индекс качества жизни (ДИКЖ).</p> <p><bold>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ:</bold> После проведения трех последовательных курсов АСИТ аллергеном КДП пациенты, имеющие сенсибилизацию к мажорным аллергенам <italic>D. farinae</italic> и/или <italic>D. pteronyssinus </italic>Der p 1 (f 1) и/или Der p 2 (f 2), чаще достигали значительного уменьшения выраженности симптомов АтД на основании оценки индекса SCORAD (ОШ 3,929, ДИ 95%: 0,879; 17, 56) и значения IGA (1 или 0 после проведения трех курсов АСИТ, ОШ 3,556, ДИ 95% 0,730–17,324) и оценивали эффективность АСИТ как отличную и хорошую по сравнению с пациентами без сенсибилизации к этим компонентам. Медиана и интерквартильный размах показателя ДИКЖ до лечения в группе 1 составили 17 [14; 20] баллов, в группе 2 – 14 [12; 18] баллов, после 3-го курса АСИТ: 6 [2; 10] и 8 [3; 10] баллов в группах 1 и 2 соответственно. Нежелательные явления на фоне проводимой терапии были редки, частота их встречаемости значимо не различалась в обеих группах.</p> <p><bold>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</bold><bold>:</bold> АСИТ аллергенами КДП является эффективным и безопасным методом лечения пациентов с АтД. Определение молекулярного спектра сенсибилизации к компонентам КДП позволяет обосновать показания и прогнозировать эффективность АСИТ.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>atopic dermatitis</kwd><kwd>molecular allergy diagnosis</kwd><kwd>allergen specific immunotherapy</kwd><kwd>house dust mites</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>атопический дерматит</kwd><kwd>молекулярная аллергодиагностика</kwd><kwd>аллерген-специфическая иммунотерапия</kwd><kwd>клещи домашней пыли</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eller E, Kjaer HF, Høst A, Andersen KE, Bindslev-Jensen C. Food allergy and food sensitization in early childhood: results from the DARC cohort. Allergy. 2009;64(7):1023–1029. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.01952.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eller E., Kjaer H.F., Høst A., Andersen K.E., Bindslev-Jensen C. 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