Russian Journal of AllergyRussian Journal of AllergyРоссийский Аллергологический Журнал1810-88302686-682XPublishing House ABV Press136210.36691/RJA1362ReviewsНаучные обзорыResearch ArticlePromising compounds from natural sources against COVID-19Перспективные соединения из природных источников для терапии COVID-19https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8297-579XAndreevSergey M.АндреевСергей Михайлович
Russian Federation

Ph.D. (Chemistry), Head of the Laboratory of Peptide Immunogens

кандидат химических наук, заведующий лабораторией пептидных иммуногенов

sm.andreev@nrcii.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6444-6499ShershakovaNadezhda N.ШершаковаНадежда Николаевна
Russian Federation

PhD (Biology), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Personalized Medicine and Molecular Immunology

кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории персонализированной медицины и молекулярной иммунологии

nn.shershakova@nrcii.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5124-6826KozhikhovaKsenia V.КожиховаКсения Вадимовна
Russian Federation

PhD (Chemistry), Researcher, Laboratory of Peptide Immunogens

кандидат химических наук, и.о. научного сотрудника лаборатории пептидных иммуногенов

k.v.kozhikhova@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4675-8074ShatilovArtyom A.ШатиловАртем Андреевич
Russian Federation

Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Peptide Immunogens

младший научный сотрудник лаборатории пептидных иммуногенов

Aa.shatilov@nrcii.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3780-2878TimofeevaAnastasiia V.ТимофееваАнастасия Витальевна
Russian Federation

Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Peptide Immunogens

младший научный сотрудник лаборатории пептидных иммуногенов

av.timofeeva@nrcii.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6822-3409TuretskiyEvgeny A.ТурецкийЕвгений Александрович
Russian Federation

Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Peptide Immunogens

младший научный сотрудник лаборатории пептидных иммуногенов

EA.Turetskiy@nrcii.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1878-4467KudlayDmitry A.КудлайДмитрий Анатольевич
Russian Federation

Doctor of Medical Science (DMSc), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Personalized Medicine and Molecular Immunology

доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории персонализированной медицины и молекулярной иммунологии

D624254@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7651-8920KhaitovMusa R.ХаитовМуса Рахимович
Russian Federation

Corresponding Member, Director

член-корреспондент, директор

mr.khaitov@nrcii.ruNRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of RussiaФГБУ «ГНЦ Институт иммунологии» ФМБА РоссииNRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Department of Molecular immunologyФГБУ «ГНЦ Институт иммунологии» ФМБА России2307202017218320806202009062020Copyright ©; 2020, Pharmarus Print MediaCopyright ©; 2020, Фармарус Принт Медиа2020Pharmarus Print MediaФармарус Принт Медиаhttps://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/1362

The epidemic associated with the new Sars-CoV-2 coronavirus has affected almost all countries of the world and no reliable treatment for this infection exists yet. Many laboratories in the world are currently conducting intensive experimental and theoretical/in silico studies to find effective drugs specific for this disease (COVID-19), but unfortunately, it may take a long time before new drugs appear in the clinical practice. One of the currently widely accepted approaches for finding active compounds is based on the possibility of using existing drugs approved by government medical organizations (as the FDA). Their choice is based on screening, based on the use of computer models that evaluate the specific binding (energy minimization) of such drugs to target molecules that are important for the life cycle. Thus, a few well-known antiviral drugs against HIV, hepatitis C and others selected on this basis exerted an antiviral effect in vitro, but their real effectiveness was far from expected. It should be emphasized that the severe clinical manifestation of the disease is an acute respiratory distress syndrome, mediated by oxidative stress and an aggressive immune attack on its own cells. In this regard, the use of compounds with high antioxidant activity could have advantages both prophylactically and medically. There is a huge range of natural compounds, including official and traditional medicine, which represent valuable unlimited potential for COVID-19 therapy, the advantage of such compounds in their low toxicity. In this review, we tried to focus on the clinical and pharmacological properties of natural substances, mainly flavonoids, which can become promising drugs for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19. The review includes information on possible virus targets and antiviral drugs. Much attention is paid to the question of inhibition of viral activity. Based on published data, including structural features of various compounds, a prediction is made about the prospects of using these compounds as inhibitors of viral activity, as well as anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of COVID-19. An important step in the analysis of compounds was the study of the possibility of their interaction with cellular targets of the virus, as well as the ability to bind to the proteins of the Sars-CoV-2 virus itself.

Эпидемия, связанная с новым коронавирусом Sars-CoV-2, поразила практически все страны земного шара, и надежных лечебных средств от этой инфекции пока не существует. Многие лаборатории в мире в настоящее время ведут интенсивные экспериментальные и теоретические исследования с целью поиска эффективных препаратов, специфичных для этого заболевания (COVID-19), но, к сожалению, может потребоваться много времени, прежде чем новые лекарства появятся в клинической практике. Один из самых популярных подходов основан на возможности использования для лечения существующих препаратов, одобренных правительственными медицинскими организациями. Их выбор основан на скрининге, в основе которого лежит использование компьютерных моделей, оценивающих специфическое связывание (минимизация энергии связывания) таких препаратов с молекулами-мишенями, важных для жизненного цикла. Так, ряд известных антивирусных препаратов против ВИЧ, гепатита С, выбранных подобным образом, оказывали противовирусный эффект in vitro, но их клиническая эффективность была невысокой. Следует подчеркнуть, что тяжелая форма клинического проявления заболевания представляет собой острый респираторный дистресс-синдром, опосредованный окислительным стрессом и агрессивной иммунной атакой на собственные клетки. В этой связи применение соединений с высокой антиоксидантной активностью может иметь преимущества как в профилактическом, так и в лечебном плане. Существует огромный спектр природных соединений, включая препараты официальной и традиционной медицины, которые представляют неограниченный потенциал, в том числе для терапии вирусных заболеваний. Основным преимуществом подобных соединений является их низкая токсичность. В данном обзоре мы постарались сделать акцент на клинические и фармакологические свойства природных веществ, преимущественно флавоноидов, которые могут стать перспективными препаратами для лечения и профилактики COVID-19. В обзор включена информация о возможных мишенях вируса и противовирусных препаратах. Большое внимание уделено вопросу ингибирования вирусной активности. На основе литературных данных, в том числе о структурных особенностях различных соединений, сделан прогноз о перспективности использования данных соединений в качестве ингибиторов вирусной активности, а также в качестве противовоспалительных средств для терапии COVID-19. Важным этапом при анализе соединений было изучение возможности их взаимодействия с клеточными мишенями вируса, а также способности связывания с белками самого вируса Sars-CoV-2.

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