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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Allergy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский Аллергологический Журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1810-8830</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-682X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1311</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36691/RAJ.2020.16.4.004</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Clinical features of various phenotypes of atopic dermatitis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клинические особенности различных фенотипов атопического дерматита</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Elisyutina</surname><given-names>Olga G</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Елисютина</surname><given-names>Ольга Гурьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, в.н.с.</p></bio><email>el-olga@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Litovkina</surname><given-names>A O</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литовкина</surname><given-names>А О</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smolnikov</surname><given-names>E V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смольников</surname><given-names>Е В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shtyrbul</surname><given-names>O V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Штырбул</surname><given-names>О В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач аллерголог-иммунолог</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedenko</surname><given-names>E S</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Феденко</surname><given-names>Е С</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, зав. отделением аллергии и иммунопатологии кожи</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dvornikov</surname><given-names>A S</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дворников</surname><given-names>А С</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, зав. кафедрой дерматовенерологии лечебного факультета</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">NRCI Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «ГНЦ Институт иммунологии» ФМБА России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-08-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>08</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 16, NO4 (2019)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 16, №4 (2019)</issue-title><fpage>30</fpage><lpage>41</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-04-02"><day>02</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, Pharmarus Print Media</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Фармарус Принт Медиа</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pharmarus Print Media</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фармарус Принт Медиа</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2021-08-15"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/1311">https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/1311</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Genetic predisposition, twophase immune response, T1 and T2 lymphocytes dysbalance, epidermal barrier dysfunction, trigger factors, antigens play an important role in the atopic dermatitis pathogenesis. Recently, genotypes, phenotypes of the disease, as well as the relationship of genetic factors, pathogenesis and clinical features of AD, which determine the phenotype of the disease, are actively studied. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the clinical features of different AD phenotypes. Materials and methods. The research was conducted as an open prospective study. 86 patients suffered from moderate and severe AD, including 25 children aged 2 to 18 years and 61 adults aged 19 to 54 years were involved. Patients in the skin allergy and immunopathology department of «The Institute of Immunology of the FMBA of Russia» in the period from 2012 to 2016 were observed. The followup period was at least 1 year. The inclusion criteria of this group were the ability to collect a full anamnesis, the allergological examination, assessment of the severity of the disease and the response to the therapy, the adequacy of the fulfilment of the doctor’s recommendations by the patients, including compliance with elimination measures, diet, rational skin care, as well as the use of topical treatment. All patients received standard therapy according to Russian and international clinical guidelines. The severity of the disease was assessed on the basis of SCORAD and IGA scales, effectiveness of topical treatment and adverse events frequency. Results. The main criteria for determining of AD clinical phenotypes were established: severity of the disease (based on SCORAD, IGA); frequency and duration of exacerbations; age of onset of the disease; secondary skin infection; concomitant respiratory allergic diseases and sensitization to different groups of allergens; resistance to therapy. Recurrent course of AD and resistance to standard topical corticosteroids therapy were observed in 8 (32%) children and in 20 (32.7%) adults. The results of examination of representative sample of patients allowed to identify and characterize several AD phenotypes: isolated uncomplicated AD - in 15% of patients; AD complicated by secondary infection and the presence of sensitization to bacterial or fungal allergens - in 7% of patients; AD accompanied by the concomitant respiratory allergic diseases and the presence of sensitization to food and respiratory allergens - in 29% of patients; extremely severe AD, accompanied by secondary infection, respiratory allergic diseases and polyvalent sensitization, resistance to therapy - in 36% of patients. Conclusion. Identification of the clinical phenotype allows to determine the patients on the grounds of the clinical characteristics and AD features, which can be useful for understanding the etiopathogenesis of the disease in a particular patient and can be the basis for development of personalized approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of AD.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Обоснование. В патогенезе и развитии атопического дерматита (АтД) важную роль играют генетическая предрасположенность, двухфазный иммунный ответ, дисбаланс T1- и Т2-лимфоцитов, нарушение функции эпидермального барьера, участие триггерных факторов, различных антигенов. В последнее время активно изучаются генотипы, эндотипы заболевания, а также взаимосвязь генетических факторов, особенностей патогенеза и клинической картины АтД, которая определяет фенотип заболевания. Цель. Изучить клинические особенности различных фенотипов АтД. Материалы и методы. Проведено открытое проспективное исследование, в котором приняли участие 86 пациентов со среднетяжелым и тяжелым течением АтД, в том числе 25 детей в возрасте от 2 до 18 лет и 61 взрослый в возрасте от 19 до 54 лет. Пациенты наблюдались в отделении аллергологии и иммунопатологии кожи ФГБУ ГНЦ «Институт иммунологии» ФМБА России в период с 2012 по 2016 г. Период наблюдения за пациентами составил не менее 1 года. Критериями отбора данной группы послужили возможность сбора полноценного анамнеза, проведение оптимального аллергологического обследования, оценки тяжести течения заболевания и ответа на проводимую терапию, адекватность выполнения пациентами рекомендаций врача, включая соблюдение элиминационных мероприятий, диеты, рациональный уход за кожей, а также применение наружной терапии. Все 86 пациентов данной группы получали стандартную терапию в соответствии с современными российскими и международными клиническими рекомендациями. В течение периода наблюдения проводили оценку степени тяжести заболевания на основании индексов SCORAD и IGA, эффективности наружной терапии и частоты развития нежелательных явлений. Результаты. Установлены основные критерии для определения клинических фенотипов АтД по показателям тяжести течения: степень тяжести заболевания (на основании индексов SCORAD, IGA); частота и длительность обострений; возраст дебюта заболевания; вторичная инфекция кожи; сопутствующие респираторные аллергические заболевания и сенсибилизация к различным группам аллергенов; резистентность к терапии. Рецидивирующее течение АтД заболевания и резистентность к стандартной терапии топическими глюкокортикостероидами отмечались у 8 (32%) детей и 20 (32,7%) взрослых. Результаты углубленного обследования репрезентативной выборки пациентов позволили выделить несколько фенотипов АтД: изолированный неосложненный АтД - у 15% пациентов; АтД, осложненный вторичной инфекцией и сенсибилизацией к бактериальным или грибковым аллергенам, - у 7% пациентов; АтД, сопровождающийся сопутствующими респираторными аллергическими заболеваниями и сенсибилизацией к пищевым и ингаляционным аллергенам, - у 29% пациентов; АтД крайне тяжелого течения, сопровождающийся вторичной инфекцией, респираторными аллергическими заболеваниями и поливалентной сенсибилизацией, резистентностью к терапии, - у 36% пациентов. Заключение. Выделение клинического фенотипа позволяет дифференцировать пациентов в зависимости от клинических характеристик и особенностей течения АтД, что может быть полезным для понимания этиопатогенеза заболевания у конкретного пациента и позволит разработать персонифицированные подходы к диагностике и лечению АтД.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>atopic dermatitis</kwd><kwd>phenotypes</kwd><kwd>resistance to therapy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>атопический дерматит</kwd><kwd>фенотипы</kwd><kwd>резистентность к терапии</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Asher MI, Montefort S, Bjorksten B, Lai CK, Strachan DP, Weiland SK et al. Worldwide time trends in the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in childhood: ISAAC Phases One and Three repeat multicountry cross-sectional surveys. 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