Russian Journal of AllergyRussian Journal of AllergyРоссийский Аллергологический Журнал1810-88302686-682XPublishing House ABV Press1003110.36691/RJA10031ReviewsНаучные обзорыReview ArticleThe role of the intestinal microbiome in the development of allergies in childrenРоль кишечной микробиоты в развитии аллергических заболеваний у детейhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9773-34089685-7584KolesnikovaNatalia V.КолесниковаНаталья Вячеславовна
Russian Federation

Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Professor

д-р биол. наук, профессор

nvk24071954@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5239-08463476-5062KokovEvgeniy A.КоковЕвгений Александрович
Russian Federation

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant Professor

канд. мед. наук, доцент

Kokovea@gmail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8995-55721415-3290KokovaLudmila N.КоковаЛюдмила Николаевна
Russian Federation

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant Professor

канд. мед. наук, доцент

kokovaln@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6407-61178220-1439ChuryukinaElla V.ЧурюкинаЭлла Витальевна
Russian Federation

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant Professor

канд. мед. наук, доцент

echuryukina@mail.ruKuban State Medical UniversityКубанский государственный медицинский университетRostov State Medical UniversityРостовский государственный медицинский университет20092023181020232033323431305202321062023Copyright ©; 2023, Pharmarus Print MediaCopyright ©; 2023, Фармарус Принт Медиа2023Pharmarus Print MediaФармарус Принт Медиаhttps://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/view/10031

To date, a clear correlation has been revealed between disorders of the intestinal microbiota in childhood and immune and metabolic disorders in the later period. Experimental data, confirming the long-term health benefits caused by the intestinal microbiota of infants, indicate the participation of the intestinal microbiota of children in modulating risk factors associated with a specific state of adult health, which justifies the expediency of developing strategies for influencing the development, composition and activity of the intestinal microbiome of infants using probiotics and/or prebiotics, synbiotics and postbiotics.

The composition of the intestinal microbiome of a child depends on its gestational age, method of delivery, type of feeding, environmental conditions and plays a vital role throughout a person’s life.

The intrauterine and neonatal periods represent critical stages in the formation of the child’s microbiome, the violation of which is associated with the development of various pathological conditions in the child’s body, including allergic ones, while early correction of intestinal microbial communities can serve as a basis for preventing allergic sensitization.

The review article presents an analysis of current data on the role of the intestinal microbiota in the development of atopic diseases in children and discusses the possibilities of preventive and therapeutic use of nutraceuticals with pro-, pre- and postbiotic effects, their effects on the development, composition and activity of the intestinal microbiome in children with atopias.

На сегодняшний день выявлена чёткая корреляция между нарушениями микробиоты кишечника в детском возрасте и иммунными и метаболическими нарушениями в более позднем периоде. Экспериментальные данные, подтверждая долгосрочные преимущества для здоровья, вызванные микробиотой кишечника младенцев, указывают на участие микробиоты кишечника детей в модулировании факторов риска, связанных с конкретным состоянием здоровья взрослых, что обосновывает целесообразность разработки стратегий воздействия на развитие, состав и активность кишечного микробиома младенцев с помощью пробиотиков и/или пребиотиков, синбиотиков и постбиотиков.

Состав кишечного микробиома ребёнка зависит от его гестационного возраста, способа родоразрешения, типа вскармливания, условий окружающей среды и играет жизненно важную роль на протяжении всей жизни человека.

Внутриутробный и неонатальный периоды представляют собой критические этапы формирования микробиома ребёнка, нарушение которого ассоциируется с развитием различных патологических состояний в детском организме, включая аллергические, тогда как ранняя коррекция микробных сообществ кишечника может служить основой для предотвращения аллергической сенсибилизации.

В обзорной статье представлен анализ современных данных о роли микробиоты кишечника в развитии атопических заболеваний у детей; обсуждаются возможности профилактического и терапевтического применения препаратов нутрицевтиков с про-, пре- и постбиотическим действием, их воздействия на развитие, состав и активность кишечного микробиома у детей с атопическими заболеваниями.

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