“Features of sensitization to food allergens in children with congenital ichthyosis”



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Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Congenital ichthyosis is a heterogeneous group of rare genetic skin diseases with generalized keratinization disorder, which are characterized by dysfunction of the epidermal barrier. Among the various forms of ichthyosis, the highest risk of developing allergies is described in Netherton syndrome. At the same time, the features of sensitization and clinical manifestations of allergic diseases in other forms of congenital ichthyosis have not been studied.

AIMS: to study the pattern of food sensitization in children with different forms of congenital ichthyosis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the case histories of 43 children with congenital ichthyosis was conducted, which examined the levels of specific IgE to food allergens. Children were divided into 2 groups: the first group included children with Netherton syndrome - 13 people; the second group consisted of 30 children with other forms of ichthyosis (autosomal recessive, keratinopathic, vulgar). The comparison group consisted of 40 children, comparable in age, without skin diseases and allergic diseases, including a history. Allergic history and total IgE level were assessed in groups I and II. In all three groups, sIgE levels to 5 allergens were assessed. In children with Netherton syndrome, the level of antibodies to 10 allergens was additionally assessed.

RESULTS: The rate of detection of elevated total IgE levels in group I patients with Netherton syndrome was significantly higher than the rate in group II children. Total IgE levels exceeding 1000 U/ml were also more common in group I. Sensitization to food allergens in group I was detected in all children, in group II in 72.2% of patients and was more common in children with an autosomal recessive form of ichthyosis. Sensitization to chicken egg protein was detected in all children of group I, in group II - in 20.0%. Children with Netherton syndrome were also more likely to be sensitized to cow's milk proteins and other allergens compared to children with non-syndromic forms. In children with Netherton syndrome, sIgE levels were more often distributed from low to moderately high class.

CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained during the study made it possible to estimate the frequency of sensitization to major food allergens in pediatric patients with various forms of congenital ichthyosis – in particular, such a rare disease as Netherton syndrome.

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About the authors

Dinara I. Mustafaeva

National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health

Author for correspondence.
Email: mustafaeva-dinara@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-2418-4069
Russian Federation, Москва

Nikolay N. Murashkin

National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health; The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); Central State Medical Academy

Email: m_nn2001@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2252-8570
SPIN-code: 5906-9724

Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow; Moscow

Svetlana G. Makarova

National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health

Email: sm27@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4759-3563
SPIN-code: 2094-2840

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), 

Russian Federation, Moscow

Alexander A. Pushkov

National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health

Email: pushkovgenetika@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6648-2063
SPIN-code: 2928-5764

Dr.Sci.Biol.

Russian Federation, Moscow

Marina A. Snovskaya

National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health

Email: snows@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5263-6743
SPIN-code: 9899-1095

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)

Russian Federation, Moscow

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