SEVERE ASTHMA: PHENOTYPES AND ROLE OF SMALL AIRWAYS



Cite item

Full Text

Open Access Open Access
Restricted Access Access granted
Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Abstract

The role of small airways in severe asthma is discussed. The involvement of small airways in the inflammatory process increases the importance of the value delivery systems for effective anti-inflammatory therapy. Extrafine aerosol beclomethasone dipropionate / formoterol (Foster) delivers the drug in the small bronchi significantly improving patient outcomes.

Full Text

Restricted Access

About the authors

R S Fassakhov

Kazan Research institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Rospotrebnadzor; Kazan State Medical Academy

Email: farrus@mail.ru

References

  1. W Busse. Difficult to treat asthma: how serious is the problem and what the issues? Difficult-to-Treat Severe Asthma Edited by K.F. Chung, E.H. Bel and S.E. Wenzel. European Respiratory Society Monograph. 2011, v 51, p. 1-15.
  2. Li X., Howard T.D., Ampleford E.J. et al. Genome-wide association study of asthma severity using proportional odds model identifies TMEM 154. Am. Rev. Resp. Crit. Care Med. 2010, v. 181, A37287.
  3. Bousquet J., Mantzouranis E., Cruz A. et al. Uniform definition of asthma severity, control, and exacerbations: Document presented for the World Health Organization Consultation on Severe Asthma. Workshop summary J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2010, v. 126, p. 926-938.
  4. Humbert M., Beasley R., Ayres J. et al. Benefits of omalizumab as add-on therapy in patients with severe persistent asthma who are inadequately controlled despite best available therapy (GINA 2002 step 4 treatment): INNOVATE. Allergy. 2005, v. 60 (3), p. 309-316.
  5. Chipps B.E., Figliomeni M., Spector S. Omalizumab: An update on efficacy and safety in moderate-to-severe allergic asthma. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2012, v. 33 (5), p. 377-385.
  6. Pavord I.D., Kom S., Howarth P. et al. Mepolizumab for severe eosinophilic asthma (DREAM): a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2012, v. 18, 380 (9842), p. 651-659.
  7. Contoli M., Bousquet J., Fabbri L.M. et al. The small airways and distal lung compartment in asthma and COPD : a time for reappraisal. Allergy. 2010, v. 65, p. 141-151.
  8. Minshall E.M., Hogg J.C., Hamid Q.A. Cytokine mRNA expression in asthma is not restricted to the large airways. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 1998, v. 101, p. 386-390.
  9. Taha R.A., Minshall E.M., Miotto D. et al. Eotaxin and monocyte chemotactic protein-4 mRNA expression in small airways of asthmatic and nonasthmatic individuals. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 1999, v. 103, p. 476-483.
  10. Faul J.L., Tormey Y.J., Leonard C. et al. Lung immunopa-thology in cases of sudden asthma death. Eur. Respir. J. 1997, v. 10, p. 301-307.
  11. Busacker A., Newell J.D. Jr, Keefe T. et al. A multivariate analysis of risk factors for the air-trapping asthmatic phenotype as measured by quantitative CT analysis. Chest. 2009, v. 135, p. 48-56.
  12. Mak J.C., Nishikawa M., Haddad E.B. etal. Localisationand expression of beta-adrenoceptor subtype mRNAs in human lung. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 1996, v. 302, p. 215-221.
  13. Fabbri L., Nicolini G., Olivieri D., Papi A. Inhaled beclometasone dipropionate/formoterol extra-fine fixed combination in the treatment of asthma: evidence and future perspectives. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 2008, v. 9, p. 479-490.
  14. Papi A., Paggiaro P.L., Nicolini G. et al. Beclomethasone/ formoterol versus budesonide/formoterol combination therapy in asthma. Eur. Respir. J. 2007, v. 29, p. 682-689.
  15. Papi A., Paggiaro P., Nicolini G. et al. Beclomethasone/formoterol vs fluticasone/salmeterol inhaled combination in moderate to severe asthma. Allergy. 2007, v. 62, p. 1182-1188.
  16. Bames P., Nicolini G., Bizzi A. et al. Do inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting beta2-agonist fixed combinations provide superior clinical benefits compared with separate inhalers? A literature reappraisal. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2012, v. 33, p. 140-144.
  17. Huchon G., Magnussen H., Chuchalin A. et al. Lung function and asthma control with beclomethasone and formoterol in a single inhaler. Respir. Med. 2009, v. 103 (1), p. 41-49.
  18. Herland K., Akselsen J.P., Skjonsberg O.H., Bjermer L. How representative are clinical study patients with asthma or COPD for a larger «real life» population of patients with obstructive lung disease? Respir. Med. 2005, v. 99, p. 11-19.
  19. Holgate S., Bisgaard H., Bjermer L. et al. The Brussels Declaration: the need for change in asthma management. European Respiratory Journal. 2008, v. 32, 6, p. 1433-1442.
  20. Müller V., Galffy G., Eszes N. et al. Asthma control in patients receiving inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting beta2-agonist fixed combinations. A real-life study comparing dry powder inhalers and a pressurized metered dose inhaler extrafine formulation. BMC Pulmonary Medicine. 2011, v. 11, p. 40.
  21. Allegra L., Cremonesi G., Girbino G. et al. Real-life prospective study on asthma control in Italy: Cross-sectional phase results. Respiratory Medicine. 2012, v. 106, p. 205-214.

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML

Copyright © Pharmarus Print Media, 2012



This website uses cookies

You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website.

About Cookies